【摘要】 非洲猪瘟(ASF)是由非洲猪瘟病毒(ASFV)感染家猪和野猪引起的一种急性、烈性、高度接触性传染病，ASFV强毒株感染家猪的发病率和致死率可达100%。由于没有安全有效的疫苗和药物，ASF疫情已经给世界养猪产业造成了巨大的经济损失。ASFV是一种有囊膜的双链DNA病毒，能够编码150～200种蛋白。ASFV编码的一些蛋白参与病毒入侵、基因组复制、DNA修复和病毒粒子组装；另外一些蛋白还执行免疫调节功能，在逃逸宿主抗病毒免疫反应中发挥着重要的作用，如调控NF-κB信号、干扰素(IFN)信号和炎症反应，调控细胞死亡和细胞自噬等。本综述将编码调控NF-κB信号、天然免疫反应、炎症反应、细胞死亡和细胞自噬等功能的ASFV蛋白的基因，统一称为ASFV免疫调节基因。大量研究证据表明，ASFV免疫调节基因与病毒的致病力密切相关。缺失一个或多个ASFV免疫调节基因的ASFV毒株毒力降低，用这些减毒毒株免疫猪可以抵抗ASFV强毒株的攻击。然而，ASFV免疫调节基因在ASFV感染和发病过程中如何发挥作用仍然未知。因此，本综述对ASFV免疫调节基因的功能及其在病毒感染和致病中的作用进行了总结，以期为研究ASFV感染、致病性和疫情防控提供重要的科技信息参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 African swine fever(ASF) is an acute, severe, and highly contagious infectious disease in domestic pigs and wild boars, which is caused by African swine fever virus(ASFV). The morbidity and mortality of ASFV virulent strains in domestic pigs can reach up to 100%. Due to the lack of safe and effective vaccines and drugs, the epidemic of ASF has caused significant economic losses to the global pig industry. ASFV is an enveloped double-stranded DNA virus that encodes 150-200 proteins. Some of these proteins participate in virus invasion, genome replication, DNA repair, and virion assembly. Additionally, several ASFV proteins execute immunomodulatory functions to play important roles in escape host antiviral immune responses, such as regulating NF-κB signaling, interferon(IFN) signaling, and inflammatory response, and modulating cell death and autophagy. In this review, ASFV genes involved in regulating NF-κB signaling, innate immune response, inflammatory response, cell death and autophagy are uniformly defined as ASFV immunoregulatory genes. Accumulating research evidence suggests a close correlation between ASFV immunomodulatory genes and viral pathogenicity. Several ASFV strains with deletion of one or more ASFV immunoregulatory genes exhibit reduced virulence, and immunization with these attenuated strains enable pigs to resist the challenge of virulent ASFV strains. However, how these immunoregulatory genes execute their functions in ASFV infection and pathogenesis remain largely unknown. Therefore, this review summarizes the progress of ASFV immunomodulatory genes in ASFV infection and pathogenesis, aiming to provide essential scientific and technological information for studying ASFV infection, pathogenicity and epidemic prevention.更多还原