【摘要】 根据高压气体从小孔喷出时在喷出区域附近积聚大量电荷的现象，提出基于静电传感信号的小孔泄漏探测原理和信号处理方法，并开展探索性静电感知试验。首先，分析气体从小孔泄漏喷出导致附近区域异常带电的机制，并引入基于静电传感的泄漏探测理论方法；然后，针对静电信号内含信息提取问题，提出一种基于稀疏分解的信号降噪与特征提取方法，进一步在压力管道气体泄漏试验平台开展气体泄漏喷出静电感知试验；最后，对小孔泄漏静电探测应用场景展开讨论。结果表明：泄漏发生时喷射气体的静电信号特征十分活跃，且信号平均峰值与喷射压力呈二次正相关，静电传感技术有望为泄漏监测提供一种新的手段。更多还原

【Abstract】 According to the phenomenon that high-pressure gas accumulate a large amount of charge near the hole area when they are spewed from small hole, the principle of small-hole leakage detection based on electrostatic sensing signal and the signal processing method are proposed, and exploratory electrostatic sensing experiment are carried out. The mechanism of abnormal electrification in the nearby areas caused by gas ejection from small hole was analyzed first, and a theoretical method of leakage detection based on electrostatic sensing was introduced. To extract information from electrostatic signals, a signal-based method for noise reduction and feature extraction using sparse decomposition was proposed. The gas leakage spray electrostatic perception test was conducted on the pressure pipeline gas leakage test platform. Finally, the application scenarios of small hole leakage electrostatic detection were discussed. The results indicate that the electrostatic signal of the jet gas exhibits high activity during leakage incidents, and the average peak value of the signal shows a quadratic positive relationship with the jet pressure. This suggests that electrostatic sensing technology is promising as a novel approach for monitoring leakage.更多还原