【摘要】 杜甫创制了“同谷七歌体”“曲江三章章五句体”“存殁口号体”等特殊诗体。其体制特征如下：“同谷七歌体”,由7首诗组成，每首8句，每句基本为七言，无平仄声调限定，其韵律安排非一韵到底，而是分为前后两节，前节6句押一个韵，后节2句转换韵部，且采用句句押韵的做法；“曲江三章章五句体”,由3首诗组成，每首5句，每句为七言，无平仄声调限定，在韵律安排上打破了传统诗歌偶数句押韵模式，将韵脚放在1、2、3、5句上，打破了人们对诗韵节奏的固有预期；“存殁口号体”,由2首诗组成，皆为声韵严整的七言绝句，每首诗前2句各举一存者一死者，且言其艺术擅长，后2句对其境遇发表感慨。后世诗论家肯定了这些诗体为杜甫首创。后世诗人多有仿制，情况不一：或对某些诗体体制逐渐认识，最终吻合；或守中有变，对某些成分做出变革。更多还原

【Abstract】 There were three kinds of special poetry forms created by Du Fu and they were respectively unique in character. The so-called “Songs Written While Residing in Tonggu County in the Qianyuan Reign” consist of seven eight-line poems with no distinction between “level” and “deflected” tones. They were written in the seven-syllable line and in two stanzas which changed the rhyme in the seventh line. In addition, every line was in rhyme. The so-called “Three Stanzas on the Twisting River” were also in the seven-syllable line. There was no requirement of tonal balancing in these three five-line poems while the versification of which was a breakthrough that the rhymes were put in the first, the second, the third and the fifth line instead of the even lines as in classic poetry. The so-called “Two Extempore Poems on the Living and Dead” were seven-syllable line quatrains with a strict prosodic pattern. In these two poems, the artistic advantages of a living person and a dead person were mentioned in the first two lines; meanwhile, the poet’s feelings were exposed in the last two lines. Critics in later generations affirmed that these poetry forms were first created by Du Fu. There were loads of varying pastiches afterwards: either gradually regulated and matched or partly changed and innovated.更多还原