【摘要】 核扩散是安全领域最重要的问题之一，它极大地影响了国家、地区与国际安全，更体现了核扩散视阈下的国际核秩序与国际防扩散体系，成为学界热议的话题。检视学界研究可发现，学者对核扩散问题的研究形成了动因、逻辑、论辩和应对四种范式：动因范式说明了影响国家拥核意图的多重因素；逻辑范式解释了核扩散的市场路径和战略路径，解释了供需双方围绕核市场进行核合作的同时追求军事利益和经济利益的原因；论辩范式使学者在争论中深入思考了核扩散产生的乐观与悲观、和平与冲突以及核身份差别等多重影响；应对范式提出了解决核扩散的办法。尽管学界对核扩散的研究拓展和深化了核扩散与安全研究的领域和深度，有助于深刻理解与认识核扩散的复杂影响，却难以解决核扩散的去政治化、和平利用核能与核扩散之间的矛盾、核武器在国家安全与国际安全中的双重认识以及研究资料局限的问题。因而，核扩散的研究与现实仍存在差距，就目前核扩散局势来看，核扩散研究未能解决的难题仍然存在于防扩散治理之中，核扩散问题还会持续存在。更多还原

【Abstract】 Nuclear proliferation, which is one of the most important issues in security studies, has become a popular academic topic as it greatly affects security at national, regional and international levels, and sits at the core of the international nuclear order and the international non-proliferation system. A review of the literature shows that academic research has clustered around four issues relating to nuclear proliferation: motivation, logic, controversy and solution. The motivation strand examines the multiple factors that motivate a country to develop nuclear weapons. The logic strand explains the market path and strategic path of nuclear proliferation, where both the supply and demand sides pursue their military and economic interests while conducting nuclear cooperation on the nuclear market. The controversy strand looks into the debate over the multiple effects of nuclear proliferation, such as optimism vs. pessimism, peace vs. conflict, and differences in nuclear identity. The solution strand suggests solutions to nuclear proliferation. With the expanding scope and depth of these studies, they have deepened our understanding of the complex implications of nuclear proliferation. However, the field is still handicapped by the difficulty in de-politicizing nuclear proliferation, the contradiction between peaceful use of nuclear energy and proliferation, the inconsistency between the security of nuclear powers and international security, and the lack of resources for study. Therefore, there is still room for improvement in the study of nuclear proliferation. As far as the current situation is concerned, the difficult problem that nuclear proliferation research has to deal with is the continuation of proliferation despite non-proliferation efforts.更多还原