【摘要】 为探究免耕和免耕覆秸耕播模式对土壤物理性质的影响，以东北典型黑土为研究对象，设置免耕和免耕覆秸两种耕播模式，分别于玉米苗期、抽穗期、成熟期，进行田间土壤取样，采用随机区组试验法，研究免耕和免耕覆秸耕播模式对土壤坚实度、土壤容重、土壤含水率、土壤温度的影响。结果表明，免耕覆秸模式下，抽穗期土壤坚实度最大，而苗期土壤坚实度最小；免耕模式下，成熟期土壤坚实度最大，而苗期土壤坚实度最小。两种耕播模式在玉米不同生长时期土壤坚实度随土层深度增加均呈“鼻形”曲线，在苗期和成熟期，土层深度为0～80 cm时，免耕模式下土壤坚实度均大于免耕覆秸模式；在抽穗期，土层深度为0～50 cm时，免耕模式下土壤坚实度小于免耕覆秸模式，土层深度为50～80 cm时，免耕模式下土壤坚实度大于免耕覆秸模式。与免耕模式相比，免耕覆秸模式在苗期土壤平均温度增加6.95%，土壤平均含水率降低3.21%，土壤平均容重无显著差异；在抽穗期，土壤平均温度降低1.85%，土壤平均含水率无显著差异，土壤平均容重无显著差异；在成熟期，土壤平均温度降低6.36%，土壤平均含水率无显著差异，土壤平均容重无显著差异。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to explore the effects of no-tillage and no-tillage and straw mulching tillage and sowing modes on soil physical properties, taking typical black soil in Northeast China as the research object, set up two no-tillage and no-tillage and straw mulching tillage and sowing modes, and conducting field soil sampling at seedling stage, heading stage and mature stage of maize to study the effects of no-tillage and no-tillage and straw mulching tillage and sowing modes on soil penetration resistance,soil bulk density, soil moisture content and soil temperature by using random block test method. The results showed that, under no-tillage and straw mulching mode, the soil penetration resistance at heading stage was the largest, while the soil penetration resistance at seedling stage was the smallest;under no-tillage mode, the soil penetration resistance in mature stage was the largest, while the soil penetration resistance in seedling stage was the smallest. The soil penetration resistance of the two tillage and sowing models in different growth periods of maize showed a "nose shaped" curve with the increase of soil depth, in seedling stage and mature stage, when the soil depth was 0-80 cm, the soil penetration resistance of no-tillage mode was greater than that of no-tillage and straw mulching mode;at heading stage, when the soil depth was 0-50 cm, the soil penetration resistance of no-tillage mode was less than that of no-tillage and straw mulching mode, and when the soil depth was 50-80 cm, the soil penetration resistance of no-tillage mode was greater than that of no-tillage and straw mulching mode. Compared with no-tillage mode, the average soil temperature of no-tillage and straw mulching mode at seedling stage increased by 6.95%, the average soil moisture content decreased by 3.21%,and the average soil bulk density had no significant difference; the average soil temperature of no-tillage and straw mulching mode at heading stage decreased by 1.85%, the average soil moisture content had no significant difference, and the average soil bulk density had no significant difference; the average soil temperature of no-tillage and straw mulching mode at mature period decreased by 6.36%, the average soil moisture content had no significant difference, and the average soil bulk density had no significant difference.更多还原