【摘要】 目的 应用计划行为理论研究儿童安全座椅使用影响因素，为今后干预措施提供依据。方法 采用按规模大小成比例的概率抽样(PPS)抽取上海市20家社区内的40家幼儿园，共2889名有车儿童家庭进行问卷调查。结果 上海市3～6岁儿童的儿童安全座椅使用率为36.17%(95%CI:34.42%～37.96%)。3岁组儿童安全座椅使用率最高(56.41%),6岁组最低(29.42%),儿童年龄越大，儿童安全座椅使用率越低；出行频率越低的家庭，儿童安全座椅使用率越低；出行距离越短的家庭，儿童安全座椅使用率越低；以上差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。男性儿童安全座椅使用率为36.56%,女性儿童为35.74%,不同性别儿童使用率差异无统计学意义。根据计划行为理论，将各指标变量标准化后对儿童安全座椅的影响因素进行中介效应分析，发现权威建议和规范信念对儿童安全座椅使用具有正向效应，其总效应分别为0.38(z=15.01,P<0.05)和0.58(z=26.66,P<0.05)。自我信心能完全中介权威建议对儿童安全座椅的效应，其中介效应值为0.20(z=8.66,P<0.05)。自我信心能部分中介规范信念对儿童安全座椅的效应，其中介效应值为0.11(z=8.11,P<0.05),其中介效应与直接效应比值为1∶3.10。结论 权威建议、规范信念和自我信心是影响儿童安全座椅使用的重要因素，其中自我信心是最为关键的影响因素。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To analysis the influencing factors of the use of child safety seats based on the Theory of Planned Behavior, and provide the evidence for further intervention measures.Methods A Probability Proportionate to Size Sampling(PPS) method was used to select 40 kindergartens in 20 communities in Shanghai, 2889 families with children and cars were surveyed.Results The usage rate of child safety seats for children aged 3-6 in Shanghai was 36.17%(95%CI: 34.42%-37.96%). The use rate of child safety seats was highest in the 3-year-old group(56.41%) and the lowest in the 6-year-old group(29.42%),the older the children, the child safety seat usage rates were lower.The lower the frequency of family travel, the child safety seat usage rate was lower.The shorter the travel distance of the family, the child safety seat usage rate was lower.The differences above were statistically significant(P<0.05). The usage rate of male child safety seats was 36.56%,and that of female children was 35.74%,there was no significant difference in the usage rate of child safety seats for children of different genders.According to the theory of planned behavior, the mediating effect of the influencing factors was analyzed.It was found that authoritative advice and normative beliefs were positive effects on the use of child safety seats, and their total effects were 0.38(z=15.01,P<0.001) and 0.58(z=26.66,P<0.001),respectively.The self-confidence could completely mediated authoritative advice on the use of child safety seats, and the mediating effect was 0.20(z=8.66,P<0.05). The self-confidence partial mediated the effect of normative beliefs on the use of child safety seats, and the mediating effect was 0.11(z=8.11,P<0.05). The ratio of mediating effect to direct effect was 1 ∶3.10.Conclusion Authoritative advice, normative beliefs and self-confidence are important influencing factors of the use of child safety seats, and self-confidence is the most important factor.更多还原