【摘要】 目的 分析2020年山西省四至六年级小学生近视现状及影响因素，为预防学生过早近视提供科学依据。方法 采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法，抽取山西省的小学生作为研究对象，对抽取的小学生进行视力检查，采用问卷调查的形式收集学生基本信息和近视专项调查所需资料。采用χ~2检验、Logistic回归模型分析近视发生的影响因素。结果 山西省四至六年级小学生的近视率为43.2%,多因素Logistic回归分析显示，郊县学生相对于城区学生近视率更低(OR=0.790,95%CI:0.720～0.867);座位一学期轮换一次的学生相对于座位从不轮换的学生近视率更低(OR=0.532,95%CI:0.011～0.890);做作业时长<2 h的学生近视率低于没有作业的学生(OR=0.756,95%CI:0.576～0.992);课间活动场所为户外的学生近视率低于教学楼的学生(OR=0.878,95%CI:0.810～0.951)。经济中等地区的学生相较经济较好地区的学生近视率更高(OR=1.511,95%CI:1.270～1.798);女生近视率相对于男生较高(OR=1.297,95%CI:1.192～1.411);高年级学生相对于低年级学生近视率较高(五年级OR=1.511,95%CI:1.360～1.679;六年级OR=2.044,95%CI:1.839～2.272;);做作业仅使用台灯的学生相对于同时使用顶灯台灯的学生近视率更高(OR=1.812,95%CI:1.713～1.925);父母有近视情况的学生近视率高于父母没有近视情况的学生(父母有一方患近视OR=1.830,95%CI:1.668～2.007;父母双方均患近视OR=2.701,95%CI:2.365～3.084)。结论 山西省四至六年级小学生近视发生率相对较高，建议卫生、教育等相关部门加强对低龄学生近视的监测和干预。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To analyze the status quo and risk factors of myopia of primary school students in grades 4 to 6 in Shanxi Province in 2020,so as to provide scientific reference for preventing students from premature myopia. Methods The multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was employed to select primary school students in Shanxi Province as the research object. The primary school students were examined for visual acuity, and the basic information of students and the data required for the specific survey of myopia were collected in the form of questionnaire survey. χ~2 and Logistic regression model were used to analyze the risk factors of myopia. Results The myopia rate of primary school students from grade 4 to grade 6 in Shanxi Province was 43.2%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the myopia rate of suburban students was lower than that of urban students(OR=0.790,95% CI:0.720-0.867). The myopia rate of students who rotated their seats once a semester was lower than that of students who never rotated(OR=0.532,95% CI:0.011-0.890). The myopia rate of students who did homework for less than 2 hours was lower than that of students without homework(OR=0.756,95% CI:0.576-0.992). The myopia rate of students with outdoor activities during recess was lower than that of students in teaching building(OR=0.878,95% CI:0.810-0.951). The myopia rate of students in middle economic areas was higher than that in better economic areas(OR=1.511,95% CI:1.270-1.798). The myopia rate of girls was higher than that of boys(OR=1.297,95% CI:1.192-1.411). The myopia rate of senior students was higher than that of junior students(Grade 5 OR=1.511,95% CI:1.360-1.679;grade 6 OR=2.044,95% CI:1.839-2.272). The myopia rate of students who only used desk lamps when doing homework was higher than that of students who used ceiling lamps at the same time(OR=1.812,95% CI:1.713-1.925). The myopia rate of students whose parents had myopia was higher than that of students whose parents had no myopia(one parent had myopia OR=1.830,95% CI:1.668-2.007;both parents had myopia OR=2.701,95% CI:2.365-3.084). Conclusion The incidence of myopia among primary school students in grades 4 to 6 in Shanxi Province was relatively high. It was suggested that the health and education department should strengthen the monitoring and interventions of myopia among young students.更多还原