【摘要】 为探究同一有效成分不同剂型农药对环境非靶标生物的毒性差异，开展了4种不同剂型甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐对日本鹌鹑、斑马鱼、大型溞、蜜蜂、家蚕和蚯蚓6种生物的急性毒性试验。结果表明，5.7%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐乳油、3.4%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐微乳剂、5.7%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐悬浮剂和5.7%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐水分散粒剂对日本鹌鹑的毒性分别为中毒、中毒、中毒和高毒；对斑马鱼的毒性分别为剧毒、剧毒、高毒和剧毒；对大型溞的毒性均为剧毒；对蜜蜂的接触毒性均为高毒；对家蚕的毒性均为剧毒；对蚯蚓的毒性分别为低毒、低毒、低毒和中毒。由此可见，甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐对不同非靶标生物的毒性存在差异。同时，不同剂型甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐对同一种非靶标生物的毒性也存在差异。其中，甲维盐悬浮剂和微乳剂对各非靶标生物相对安全友好，水分散粒剂和乳油对各非靶标生物的安全性相对较差。因此，在使用甲维盐过程中，建议远离鸟群、桑园、水体及蜂群，并避免与土壤混用，以减少对非靶标生物造成的危害。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to explore the toxicity discrepanices of different formulations but the same active ingredient of pesticides to environment-friendly organisms,the acute toxicity effects of four different formulations of emamectin benzoate on six non-target organisms, namely, Japanese quail, zebrafish, daphnia, honeybees, silkworm and earthworm were studied. The results showed that toxicity of 5.7% emamectin benzoate EC, 3.4% emamectin benzoate ME, 5.7%emamectin benzoate SC and 5.7% emamectin benzoate WG were medium toxicity, medium toxicity, medium toxicity and high toxicity to Japanese quail, respectively; hyper toxicity, hyper toxicity, high toxicity and hyper toxicity to zebrafish,respectively; all hyper toxicity to daphnia; all high contact toxicity to honeybees; all hyper toxicity to silkworm; low toxicity, low toxicity, low toxicity and medium toxicity to earthworm, respectively. Consequently, the toxicity of emamectin benzoate to different non-target organisms was quite discrepant. Meanwhile, there were toxicity discrepancies of different formulations of emamectin benzoate to one type of non-target organism as well. The emamectin benzoate SC and ME were relatively safe and friendly to non-target organisms, while the safety of WG and EC was relatively poor.Therefore, it is suggested that application of emamectin benzoate should be far away from birds, mulberry fields, water bodies, and bee colonies, as well as avoid being mixed with soil so as to reduce the harm to non-target organisms.更多还原