【摘要】 生物表面活性剂参与纳米材料合成是一项新兴技术，解决了纳米颗粒易聚集、形态大小不均一等问题，为生物技术大规模合成稳定的纳米颗粒提供了新的思路。简介了生物表面活性剂的特性和种类，综述了生物表面活性剂介导纳米颗粒的生物合成研究进展，总结了生物纳米颗粒在石油工业及生物修复等方面的应用。指出未来的研究重点是：合成具有良好稳定性、分散性及形态大小可控的生物纳米颗粒，不断优化纳米颗粒合成工艺，推进纳米颗粒大规模工业化合成；在石油工业应用方面，通过研究不同生物表面活性剂和纳米颗粒的协同驱油机理，寻找最佳的提高石油采收率制剂；在生物修复应用方面，研究生物表面活性剂和纳米颗粒的协同作用，提高污染物的生物降解率。更多还原

【Abstract】 Biosurfactant-mediated nanomaterial synthesis is an emerging technology which solves the problems of easy aggregation of nanoparticles and uneven morphology and size, and provides a new idea for large-scale synthesis of stable nanoparticles by biotechnology.In this paper, we briefly introduce the characteristics and types of biosurfactants, review the research progress of biosynthesis of biosurfactant-mediated nanoparticles, and summarize the applications of bionanoparticles in petroleum industry and bioremediation.Moreover, we point out that the focuses of future research are as follows: synthesis of bionanoparticles with good stability, dispersibility, and controllable morphology, continuous optimization in synthesis process of nanoparticles, and promotion of large-scale industrial synthesis of nanoparticles; in the aspect of petroleum industry, the synergistic oil displacement mechanism of different biosurfactants and nanoparticles should be studied to search for the best oil recovery agent; in the aspect of bioremediation, the synergistic effect of biosurfactants and nanoparticles should be studied to improve the biodegradation rate of pollutants.更多还原