【摘要】 为了加快推动我国冰雪装备器材产业高质量发展，亟需解决目前“冰雪运动装备的效能评价存在评价指标相对单一、评价方法不统一，且缺少系统性等问题”。基于人机工效学理论，以及国际滑雪联合会对于竞赛装备的规范性要求和国内外技术标准，采用文献研究、专家访谈和问卷反馈的方式，研究建立系统、科学的自由式滑雪穿戴式装备的工效评测指标体系，研究、筛选并构建了自由式滑雪运动头盔的工效评测指标。采用专家打分法，根据重要程度，对以上工效评测指标进行了1～9分的评价；采用层次分析法对以上工效评测指标进行了权重计算。从职业分类的角度分析，与竞赛相关的职业人群的一级指标权重排序为：防护性>舒适性>减阻性能>视觉与视域>认知>活动范围与灵活性；不涉及竞赛的职业人群的一级指标权重排序为：防护性>舒适性>视觉与视域>认知>活动范围与灵活性>减阻性能。竞赛组的防护性二级指标权重排序为：缓冲与减振>防刺穿性>防擦伤与割伤>紧身>防风>防水>安全警示性能>防静电>防紫外线；非竞赛组的防护性二级指标权重排序为：缓冲与减振>防刺穿性>防擦伤与割伤>紧身>防风>防水>安全警示性能>防紫外线>防静电。竞赛组的舒适性二级指标排序为：保暖性>热湿的调节性>头盔重量>通风透气性>头型和脸型的贴合>皮肤触感>压感>头盔重心位置>卫生性能；而非竞赛组的舒适性二级指标排序为：保暖性>通风透气性>热湿的调节性>头盔重量>头型和脸型的贴合>压感>头盔重心位置>皮肤触感>卫生性能。还基于技术等级从专业级别群组、大众高级、中级、初级群组进行了权重的数据分析。本指标及其权重对于自由式滑雪运动头盔向运动者提供舒适性和防护性等工效，并提升运动表现的机制有借鉴价值；对于滑雪头盔工效相关技术标准的制定，以及装备的科学选型、评测和研发设计有一定的参考作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 For the high-quality development of China’s ice and snow equipment industry,it is urgent to solve the following problems:the performance evaluation of ice and snow sports equipment does not have diversified evaluation indicators;inconsistent evaluation methods;lack of systematicness. Based on the theory of ergonomics,this paper adopts literature review,expert interviews and questionnaire to study and establish systematic and scientific ergonomic evaluation indicators of freestyle skiing wearables. Via scoring by experts,and according to the degree of importance,the above ergonomics evaluation indicators were evaluated on a scale from 1 to 9;the weight of the above ergonomics evaluation indicators was calculated using the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP). From the perspective of professional classification,the weights of the first-level indicators of the competition-related professional group are:protection > comfort > drag reduction performance > vision > cognition > activity range and flexibility;the weights of the first-level indicators of the non-competition professional group are:protection > comfort > vision > cognition > activity range and flexibility > drag reduction performance. The weights of the secondary indicators of protection of the competition group are:cushioning and vibration reduction > piercing resistance > antiscratch and cut > tightness > wind protection > waterproof > safety warning performance > anti-static > anti-UV;the weights of the secondary indicators of protection of the non-competition group are as follows:cushioning and vibration reduction > piercing resistance > scratch and cut resistance > tightness > windproof > waterproof > safety warning performance > UV protection > anti-static. The secondary indicators of comfort of the competition group are as follows:warmth retention> heat and humidity adjustment > helmet weight > ventilation and breathability >head shape and face shape fit > skin touch > pressure > helmet’s center of gravity > hygiene;the secondary indicators of comfort of the non-competition group are as follows:warmth retention > ventilation and breathability > heat and humidity adjustment > helmet weight > head shape and face shape fit > pressure > helmet’s center of gravity >skin touch > hygiene. The weighted data was also analyzed for the professional group,the general public groups(advanced/intermediate/beginner)based on the technical level. These indicators and their weight have reference value for the mechanism for freestyle skiing helmets providing comfort and protection to athletes and improving sports performance;the index can be used as a reference for formulating technical standards related to the ergonomics of skiing helmets,as well as the scientific selection,evaluation,R&D,and design of skiing equipment.更多还原