【摘要】 戈壁中蕴含了丰富的动植物资源,蛛形纲节肢动物是戈壁中重要的节肢动物类群,在戈壁生态系统食物网中扮演重要角色。以河西走廊中部典型砾质戈壁为研究区,2018年和2019年逐月监测了蛛形纲节肢动物种类及数量。结果表明:砾质戈壁有22个蛛形纲节肢动物种或属,Steatoda albomaculata、Xysticus spp.、Philodromus spp.、Gnaphosa spp.、Mesobuthus martensii、Mitopus morio和Karschia sp.是该区主要的蛛形纲节肢动物种或属。蛛形纲节肢动物活动密度及物种丰富度变化趋势一致,2018年蛛形纲节肢动物活动密度及类群丰富度均在4月出现峰值,2019年蛛形纲节肢动物的活动密度及类群丰富度均在6月达到峰值。平腹蛛科、逍遥蛛科、硬体盲蛛科、蟹蛛科、球蛛科和卡尔避日蛛科是主要的蛛形纲节肢动物类群,2018年卡尔避日蛛科、硬体盲蛛科和蟹蛛科活动密度均显著低于2019年,而平腹蛛科、逍遥蛛科和球蛛科活动密度变化趋势相反。逍遥蛛科主要在春季活动,2018年和2019年逍遥蛛科活动密度均在3月出现峰值;蟹蛛科和硬体盲蛛科主要在秋季活动,2018年和2019年蟹蛛科活动密度均在9月出现峰值,硬体盲蛛科活动密度在8月和10月出现峰值。卡尔避日蛛科、平腹蛛科和球腹蛛科等3个类群2018年活动密度在4月出现峰值,2019年在6月或10月出现峰值。降水的月动态变化对蛛形纲节肢动物月动态变化影响较小,蛛形纲节肢动物的活动密度及类群数与月平均温度均呈显著二次曲线关系。此外,研究还发现钳蝎科活动密度与月平均温度和降水量均呈显著正相关,蟹蛛科活动密度与月降水量、狼蛛科和平腹蛛科活动密度与月平均温度呈显著正相关。总之,温度及降水变化是蛛形纲节肢动物月和年活动节律变化的重要影响因子,它们调节了蛛形纲节肢动物群落结构的动态变化。更多还原

【Abstract】 Gobi was a key desert type,and it accounts for 50% of the total area of the Hexi Corridor. Arachnid arthropods are mainly predatory arthropods,and they play an important role in the food webs of the gobi desert ecosystem. In this paper,we select a typical gravel gobi desert in the middle of the Hexi Corridor as a long-term observation site for arachnid arthropods. Ground arachnid arthropods was collected using pitfall trap from January to December in 2018 and 2019,and microclimate variable was also monitoring. Based on the above research,we found that Arachnida community is composed of 4 orders,12 families and 22 species,and Gnaphosidae,Philodromidae,Theridiidae,Thomisidae,Sclerosomatidae,and Karschiidae are dominant arachnid arthropods,and Steatoda albomaculata,Xysticus spp.,Philodromus spp.,Gnaphosa spp.,Mesobuthus martensii,Mitopus morio,and Karschia sp. are dominant species. The pattern of monthly activity density and species richness was consistent from 2018 to 2019. The activity density of ground arachnid arthropods were peaked in April of2018,and this pattern was found in June of 2019. Gnaphosidae,Karschiidae,Philodromidae,Sclerosomatidae,Thomisidae, and Theridiidae were dominant families, the activity of Thomisidae, Sclerosomatidae, and Karschiidae in 2019 was higher than that in 2018,and an opposite trend in Gnaphosidae,Philodromidae,and Theridiidae. Monthly activity density of arachnid arthropods showed significant monthly and annual variation.The active period of Philodromidae was in the spring,the activity density of philodromid spiders was peaked in March of 2018 and 2019. The active period of Thomisidae and Sclerosomatidae was in the autumn,the activity density of thomisid spiders was peaked in August of 2018 and 2019,and the activity density of Sclerosomatidae was peaked in October and August of 2018 and 2019. The activity density of Gnaphosidae,Karschiidae,and Theridiidae was peaked in April of 2018,and these patterns were found in June or September of 2019. The activity density and group richness of arachnid arthropods were significant quadratic correlations with monthly average temperature,and no significant correlations with monthly precipitation. In addition,we also found that the activity density of Buthidae was significant positive correlations with monthly average temperature and precipitation,the activity density of Thomisidae was significant positive correlations with monthly precipitation,the activity density of Lycosidae and Gnaphosidae was significant positive correlations with monthly average temperature. In short,temperature and precipitation changes are important influence factors for day,month,season and year activity rhythm in ground arachnid arthropods,which regulate the community dynamic of arachnid arthropods in the gravel gobi desert.更多还原