【摘要】 黄淮海地区是夏玉米主产区,又是受旱最严重的地区之一,明确该区域干旱发生规律,采取相应防灾减灾措施对粮食保产具有重要意义。利用黄淮海地区1981-2015年76个气象站点数据,以作物水分亏缺指数(CWDI)作为干旱指标,根据《北方夏玉米干旱等级》标准对各区域进行干旱等级划分,并计算干旱发生频率和影响范围,通过Arc GIS实现站点数据的空间插值,分析该区域夏玉米干旱时空演变规律。结果表明:(1)1981-2015年夏玉米各生育期内CWDI总体表现为先下降后上升的趋势,播种-出苗期和抽雄-乳熟期干旱发生频率最高,2011-2015年夏玉米干旱有加重趋势,其中河北南部、河南北部及山东夏玉米生育期内CWDI值最高;(2)黄淮海地区夏玉米生长季以轻旱为主,其次是中旱,重旱和特旱发生频率较低,研究区域干旱发生频率北部高于南部,西部高于东部,河南、河北、山东大部、安徽和江苏受干旱影响较大。(3)播种-出苗期特旱站次比最高,其余生育阶段均为轻旱站次比最高。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Huang-Huai-Hai plain is the main production area of summer maize in China, which is also one of the worst-hit drought areas. The loss of summer maize yield caused by drought has seriously affected China’s grain production. Therefore, it is of great significance to clarify the law of drought in this area for the formulation of anti-disaster measures and the guarantee of grain production. Base on the meteorological data of 76 stations from 1981 to 2015 in Huang-Huai-Hai plain was used in this study, the crop water deficit index(CWDI) as the drought index was used to analyze the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics of drought for summer maize in this area. The results showed that the overall changing trend of CWDI in the whole summer maize growth period increased first, and then decreased with the highest drought frequency occurring in sowing-seedling stage and tasseling-milk ripe stage. Drought was getting worse in the summer maize growth period during the period of 2011 to 2015, and southern Hebei, northern Henan and Shandong province exhibited the highest CWDI value. The slight drought was the main drought type in this area in the whole summer maize growth period, the moderate light drought ranked second and the severe and extra severe drought was barely. The frequency of drought in the northern area was higher than that in the southern area, as well as the western area was higher than that in the eastern. The ratio of extra severe drought occurring station was the highest in the sowing-seedling stage, and the ratio of slight drought occurring stations was the highest in the other growth periods.更多还原