【摘要】 中国宣布于2030年前实现二氧化碳排放达峰、2060年前实现碳中和的宏伟目标,对核电和可再生能源的未来发展利用提出了更高要求。核电和可再生能源发电是中国电力低碳转型的关键技术。文章针对核电和可再生能源发电技术发展面临的障碍与挑战,从制度比较和需求、经济性评估和市场竞争力、电力供需平衡、空间布局和调峰能力等角度出发,对核电与可再生能源协调发展的必要性、重要性和可行性,进行了定性与定量相结合的研究。研究表明,核电将在我国风电、光伏发电占主导的电力系统中发挥重要作用。核电发展一方面需要政策机制保障;另一方面必须保持自身的成本优势,主动提升机组调峰能力,积极探索市场机制参与模式,在确保安全的前提下增加核电的灵活性和成本竞争力,提升公众对核电的接受度。更多还原

【Abstract】 China announced the ambitious goals of peaking carbon dioxide emissions by 2030 and achieving carbon neutrality by 2060,which puts forward higher requirements for the future development and utilization of key low-carbon technologies of nuclear and renewable power generation. At the meantime,nuclear and renewable power generation technologies are faced with certain technical, economic and institutional obstacles and challenges. From the perspective of institutions comparison and requirements,economic evaluation and market competitiveness,the spatial balance of power supply and demand in various provinces,and peak load regulation capacity, the necessity,importance and feasibility of the coordinated development of nuclear and renewables have been studied in a combination of qualitative and quantitative method. The results show that nuclear power will play an important role in the wind-solar PV dominated power system.On one hand,the development of nuclear power requires the guarantee and encouragement of policy mechanism. On the other hand,on the premise of ensuring security,it is necessary to maintain the current cost advantages of nuclear power,to enhance the load regulation capacity,to explore the participation of market mechanisms, to increase the flexibility and enhance the public acceptance of nuclear power.更多还原