【摘要】 【目的】探明近10年贵州省审定大豆品种农艺性状和品质性状的演变,为高产、稳产和抗病性强的大豆新品种的选育及生产应用提供科学依据。【方法】选择2009-2020年贵州省审定的16个大豆品种为研究对象,探究其近10年来农艺性状、籽粒性状、产量及品质性状的演变过程。【结果】贵州省近10年来大豆审定品种产量水平变幅较小,平均为2 796.89kg/hm~2,超过国家和贵州省近年来大豆产量平均水平;农艺性状:百粒重呈上升趋势,株高和底荚高略为增高,单株粒数和单株荚数呈下降趋势,主茎节数和单株有效分枝数略为减少;品质性状:蛋白质含量基本稳定,平均为43.0%,达国家高蛋白大豆一级标准以上的品种有5个,二级标准以上的有10个,分别占育成品种的31.3%和62.5%,脂肪含量与蛋脂总量呈上升趋势,脂肪含量超过20%的品种有4个,蛋脂总量平均为62.8%。【结论】贵州省审定大豆品种的产量相对稳定,产量和品质在一定程度上可协调发展,今后贵州省大豆育种的目标仍是协同提高其品质与产量,以育成一批高产、稳产和优质的大豆新品种应用于生产,以助推贵州大豆产业的发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 【Objective】To provide the scientific basis for breeding and production application of new soybean varieties with high-stable yield and strong disease resistance by analyzing evolution in agronomic and quality traits of soybean varieties approved by Guizhou Crops Variety Examination Committee during2009-2020.【Method】The evolution process in agronomy,seed,yield and quality traits of 16 selected soybean varieties approved by Guizhou Crops Variety Examination Committee during 2009-2020 is analyzed.【Result】The variation range in yield level of 16 soybean varieties is very small.The average yield is 2 796.89 kg/hm~2,which exceeds the average yield level of new soybean varieties in China and Guizhou in recent 10 years.The 100-seed weight is on the rise,the height and bottom pod height increase slightly,the seeds per pod and pods per plant both show a declining trend but the nodes on main stem and effective branches per plant decrease slightly.The protein content is stable with an average of 43.0%.The protein content of 5 and 10 soybean varieties reaches the national first-class and second-class standard of high protein soybean respectively,accountin for 31.3%and 62.5% of 16 varieties.The content of fat and total protein and fat shows an increasing trend.The fat content of 4 soybean varieties exceeds 20%and average total protein-fat of 16 soybean varieties is 62.8%.【Conclusion】The yield and quality traits of new soybean varieties can be harmoniously developed to some extent because the yield of soybean varieties approved by Guizhou Crops Variety Examination Committee is stable relatively in Guizhou.The breeding goal of soybean varieties still is to cooperatively increase its yield and quality.More new soybean varieties with high-stable yield and high quality should be bred to promote development of soybean industry in Guizhou.更多还原