【摘要】 锂离子电池电极材料对锂离子电池性能提升起着关键作用。钒的价态较多,构成的钒系电极材料具有层状、尖晶石型、反尖晶石型等多种结构。该系列材料通常具有较高的理论比容量,且合成方式多样,性价比高,因此钒系化合物在锂离子电池电极材料的应用上受到了广泛关注,但目前尚缺少对钒系电极材料的系统性总结。本文综述了以钒的氧化物、无锂型金属离子钒酸盐、含锂型钒酸盐及钒磷酸根聚阴离子材料为主要体系的锂离子电池钒系电极材料,并对各体系的结构及电化学性能进行了总结,针对合成锂离子电池钒系电极材料的主要方法(如固相合成法、溶胶-凝胶法、水热法、碳热还原法、液相沉淀法等)进行概述及分析,还对通过纳米化、特殊形貌控制、复合改性等其他改性方式优化的钒系电极材料的性能进行了介绍,最后对钒系锂离子电池电极材料的研究方向和发展前景进行展望,希望对促进该类材料的研究与产业化应用能有所助益。更多还原

【Abstract】 To improve the performance of lithium ion batteries,the electrode materials are a key point. Vanadium has rich variable valence state,and the vanadium-based electrode materials are under a variety of structures with layered-structure,spinel and anti-spinel structure. Vanadiumbased electrode materials have the properties of higher theoretical specific capacity,various synthesis methods and cost-effective. The application of vanadium-based compounds have attracted extensive attention in lithium ion battery electrode materials. However,it is still lack of a systematic summary of vanadium-based electrode materials. This paper reviews the structure and electrochemical performance of promising electrode materials for lithium ion batteries of vanadium-based electrode materials,which mainly include vanadium oxide,lithium-free vanadate,lithium-containing vanadate and lithium vanadium phosphate. Methods for synthesis of vanadium-based electrode materials are summarized,including solid phase synthesis,sol-gel synthesis,hydrothermal synthesis,carbothermal reduction synthesis,and liquid phase precipitation synthesis. The methods to optimize the defects of vanadium electrode materials by controlling of nano-crystallization,morphology and composite are also concluded. Finally,an outlook on potential breakthroughs for vanadium-based electrode materials will be provided.更多还原