【摘要】 孤立波方法被证实可用于测量均匀与非均匀材料的杨氏模量,而用于采集信号的孤立波传感器的性能直接决定测量结果的精度。介绍了两种基于不同原理的孤立波传感器,分别为采用压电材料制成的圆柱传感器,与基于维拉里与法拉第效应的磁致伸缩传感器。利用两种传感器分别测量了同一批水灰比分别为0.42、0.45与0.50的混凝土样本,将两者100次的测量结果均值与标准参考值相对比,从而对比两种传感器测量的精度。同时,分别分析了两者测量值的标准偏差,对比两者的可重复性强度。实验结果表明,三种水灰比样本的测量值相对于标准参考值,圆柱压力传感器的偏差率分别为6.48%、5.04%与1.85%,磁致伸缩传感器的偏差率分别为0.78%、3.08%与4.94%,因此两种传感器的误差率均低于10%,均可用与实际测量中,但后者的精度略高于前者,同时后者的标准偏差低于前者,因此具有更高的可重复性。更多还原

【Abstract】 It is confirmed that the solitary wave method can be used to measure Young’s modulus of homogeneous and inhomogeneous materials, and the performance of solitary wave sensors to collect signals directly affects the accuracy of measurement results. Here, two types of solitary wave sensors based on different principles were introduced, and they were cylindrical sensors made of piezoelectric(PZT) materials and magnetostrictive sensors based on Villari and Faraday effect. Two types of sensors were used, respectively to measure concrete samples with the water-to-cement ratio of 0.42, 0.45 and 0.50. The average value of 100 measurements was compared with the standard reference one to compare the measurement accuracy of two types sensors. Standard deviations of two types sensors’ measured values were analyzed, respectively to compare the repeatability of two types sensors. The test results showed that for the measured values of concrete samples with 3 water-to-cement ratios relative to the standard reference value, deviation rates with cylindrical pressure sensors are 6.48%, 5.04% and 1.85%, respectively, while those with magnetostrictive sensors are 0.78%, 3.08% and 4.94%, respectively; so error rates of both two types sensors are less than 10%, both of them can be used in the actual measurement; the accuracy of the latter is slightly higher than that of the former, and the standard deviation of the latter is lower than that of the former, so the latter has higher repeatability.更多还原