【摘要】 历代学者对孟子"寡欲"之"欲"的内涵有三种诠释:中性说、善恶混合说、私欲说。将三种诠释分别代入孟子的"养心莫善于寡欲"命题并进行话语分析,可以得出三种不同的结论。中性说认为孟子"养心"就是任何时候都要最大程度地压制和减少生存之欲,这有违孟子以道作为取舍欲望的根本标准,也与孟子的生活经历不符。混合说虽然在义理上可以成立,但与孟子教化世人之欲望的处置方式不符,故与孟子思想存在差异。只有私欲说才与孟子的思想体系和实际生活相一致,并符合儒家工夫论的逻辑进路与具体实践,可见孟子"寡欲"之"欲"指的是私欲。厘清孟子"寡欲"观的思想内涵,不仅有助于了解儒家理欲学说的发展脉络,而且对于生态危机背景下正确认识道德与欲望的关系具有重要意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 There are three interpretations of the connotation of the"desires"in Mencius’ s"few desires": the neutral theory,the good-and-evil mixed theory,and the selfish-desires theory. If we place them into Mencius’ s proposition that "to nourish the mind there is nothing better than having few desires",and conduct a discourse analysis,we will come to three different conclusions: The neutral theory will lead to the conclusion that Mencius’ s "nourishing the mind"is to suppress and minimize the desires for survival at all times,which is contrary to Mencius’ s fundamental standard of basing his choice of desires on Tao,and is inconsistent with Mencius’ s life experience. Although the mixed theory can be established in the determinations of righteousness and the principles of our nature,it is incongruous with Mencius’ s way of enlightening people on how to deal with their desires,and therefore is different from Mencius’ s thought. Only the selfish-desires theory is consistent with Mencius’ s thought system and actual life and conforms to the logic approach and concrete practice of the Confucian theory of cultivation. Therefore,the "desires"in Mencius’ s "few desires"refer to selfish desires. To clarify the ideological connotation of Mencius’ s concept of"few desires"is not only helpful for understanding the development of Confucian theory of the principles of our nature and desires,but also of great significance for correctly understanding the relationship between morality and desires in the context of ecological crisis.更多还原