【摘要】 以我国特大型城市的急救设施布局为研究对象,探讨需求流动性约束下的设施点区位决策,决策过程充分考虑需求的阶段性变化、设施点的成本因素和急救点服务容量等多方面因素。为兼顾服务成本与服务效率的不同目标,提出一种两阶段决策方法,在第一阶段控制初期投入成本,同时在第二阶段通过合理的分配策略来提高服务急救点的效率。选取上海市中心城区急救点布局的真实案例,将两阶段模型应用于决策过程,获得的可行解决方案可有效提升城市管理者的决策水平与急救服务效率,在有效覆盖比率等指标上优于上海市政府规划的具体要求,高出近6个百分点。通过案例解读,验证了该方法是对选址问题理论方法模型的有效补充。更多还原

【Abstract】 We study the location problem for emergency services with periodical change of demands.We consider various factors in the decision making,e.g.time-dependent change of demands,costs and capacities of facilities.We aim at minimizing the costs as well as maximizing the efficiency of services,and therefore we propose a two-stage optimization method.In the first stage,we introduce an integer programming model to cover all demand nodes with minimal number of costs.In the second stage,we attempt to improve the service level by re-allocating demand nodes to facilities.We study a real case in Shanghai.Experimental results indicate that our method generates a satisfactory solution for the authority,as 98.3% demand nodes can be covered.更多还原