【摘要】 城市交通中,小汽车的过度使用造成交通拥堵、环境污染等多种负外部性。在解析小汽车出行成本构成的基础上,分析了小汽车出行负外部性的形成原因,认为通行权划分不清是导致小汽车出行负外部性的根本原因,通过明晰通行权的所有权,建立通行权交易市场可以促成小汽车出行回归理性。着重对通行权交易政策的作用机理进行了剖析,并将其与拥堵费政策进行对比,认为小汽车通行权交易政策在缓堵效果、公平性、可接受性和出行者负担等方面具有优势,是一种具有应用前景的新型城市交通治理手段。更多还原

【Abstract】 In urban traffic,the excessive use of cars causes traffic congestion,environmental pollution,and many other negative externalities.Based on the analysis of the composition of car travel cost,the causes of the negative externality of car travel were analyzed.It is considered that unclear travel right is the root cause of negative externality of car travel.This problem can be solved by clarifying travel rights and establishing a travel permits trading market.This paper focused on the analysis of the economic mechanism of car travel rights trading system,then compared it with the congestion fee policy in the aspects of congestion alleviation effect,policy equity and traveler’s burden.It holds that the car travel rights trading policy has advantages in the aspects of congestion alleviation effect,policy equity,policy acceptability and traveler’s burden,so it is an innovative urban traffic management tool with great application prospect.更多还原