【摘要】 【目的】了解间作系统中地下部分的根间互作对光合特性、产量及土壤理化性质的影响,探究间作增产的机制,为玉米大豆间作栽培技术提供理论依据和技术支撑。【方法】采用大田栽培的方式对玉米/大豆的根系分别采取塑料膜隔离（全隔,Q）处理、尼龙网隔离（网隔,W）处理和无隔离（无隔,N）处理,开展3种根系隔离处理对间作作物的SPAD值、光合特性、产量及土壤理化性质的影响研究。【结果】与单作相比,不隔根处理下间作玉米、大豆功能叶的叶绿素含量分别提高了10.36%、9.65%。玉米和大豆的净光合速度、气孔导度、胞间CO₂浓度和蒸腾速率基本上表现为:无隔>网隔>全隔>单作。根间完全或部分互作均提高了间作作物的产量。无隔根处理下土地当量比（LER）为1.39、尼龙网隔根的为1.13。根间完全或部分互作也增加了玉米和大豆根际土壤全氮、全磷、全钾、速效氮、速效磷和速效钾的含量。无隔根处理和尼龙网隔根处理下玉米和大豆根际土壤过氧化氢酶、酸性磷酸单酯酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化物酶的活性均有所提高。部分土壤酶活性与土壤养分含量之间存在着显著相关。【结论】根间互作能够活化土壤营养库,增强土壤酶活性,增加间作作物的叶绿素含量,提升系统的光合作用能力,从而促进间作系统产出。更多还原

【Abstract】 【Objective】 Effects of underground interactions between roots of maize and soybean plants under intercropping on plant photosynthesis, crop yield, and soil physiochemical properties were investigated to decipher the associated mechanisms. 【Method】 A maize/soybean intercropping experimentation was conducted in the field. Underground between the maize and soybean plants, a plastic sheet to completely separate and deprive interactions between the root systems（Q）, a nylon mesh to partially block the underground interactions（W） or with no artificial barrier to allow total root-interactions（N）was implemented. SPAD, photosynthetic characteristics, and yield of the plants grown under the varied degrees of partition on the root systems were measured.【Result】 Compared to monoculture, the intercropped maize and soybean under N showed increased chlorophyll contents in the functional leaves by 10.36% and 9.65%, respectively. The net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO₂ concentration, and transpiration rate were also significantly enhanced by the intercropping under varied roots partitions as they ranked N>W>Q>monoculture. The crop yields of the plants were improved by the intercropping under W or N. The land equivalent ratio（LER） of the N treatment was 1.39, while that of W 1.13. Under Q or W,the contents of total and available N, P, and K in rhizosphere soil were higher than those in the monoculture lot. The activities of catalase, acid phosphatase, urease, sucrase, and peroxidase increased in the rhizosphere soil under W or N. A significant correlation was observed between part of the enzyme activity and nutrient content in the soil. 【Conclusion】 The interactions between the root systems of the intercropped maize and soybean plants might activate the nutrient pool and enzyme activity in the rhizosphere soil. The leaf chlorophyll of the intercropped plants could also be increased by the underground interactions benefitting the plant photosynthesis with improved crop yield.更多还原