【摘要】 在全球气候变化背景下,第三极和北极地区积雪是地表最活跃的自然要素之一,其动态变化对气候环境和人类生活产生重要影响。通过回顾第三极和北极积雪研究进展,阐述了降雪、积雪范围、积雪日数、积雪深度和雪水当量在第三极和北极地区的时空分布特征和变化趋势。结果表明:近50年,特别是进入21世纪以来,第三极和北极地区降雪比率均呈下降趋势;积雪范围、积雪日数、积雪深度、雪水当量总体均呈减小趋势,融雪首日有所提前。同时就积雪变化对生态系统与气候系统的影响进行了论述,评估了积雪的反馈作用。通过总结第三极和北极积雪变化研究进展,凝练研究中存在的不足和未来发展趋势,为提升积雪对气候变化及经济社会发展影响的认识提供重要科学支撑。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the context of global climate change,snow cover in the Third Pole and Arctic region is one of the most active natural elements on the surface,and its dynamic changes have an important impact on the climate and human life. This paper reviewed the research progress of snow cover changes,and describes the distribution characteristics and trends of snowfall,Snow Covered Extent(SCE),Snow Covered Days(SCD),Snow Depth(SD)and Snow Water Equivalent(SWE)in the Third Pole and Arctic region. The results show that in the past few decades,especially since the beginning of the21 st century,the snowfall ratio had a downward trend;SCE,SCD,SD and SWE all showed a decreasing trend,and the snowmelt onset was earlier in the Third Pole and Arctic. At the same time,this paper discussed the impact of snow cover on ecosystems and climate systems,and then evaluated the feedback effect of snow cover. By summarizing the research progress of the Third Pole and Arctic region snow cover changes and compacting the shortcomings in the research and the future development trend,this paper provides important scientific support for further enhancing the understanding of snow cover on climate change and social and economic development.更多还原