【摘要】 "三藩之乱"被平定后,云南逐渐从明清之际的战乱和动荡中走出。土地垦殖、矿产开发等亟需输入外来人口,内地持续加重的人口压力亟待向边疆地区释放。而此时在云南实行的土司统治各自在政治、经济上具有相对独立性,成为一个个封闭排外的堡垒,成为汉族移民入滇的障碍。一场以土司制度为对象的社会改革不可避免。改土归流前进入云南的汉族移民为边疆地区带来生产技术、地主制经济模式和儒家先进文化的同时,动摇了土司统治的社会根基,为改土归流提供了社会条件。改土归流过程中,以汉族为主体的绿营兵成为武力改流的重要力量。改土归流打破了土司对自然资源的垄断,大批汉族举家迁入云南,形成更大规模的汉族移民高潮。改土归流前后,汉族移民与云南当地土著族群之间呈现"汉进夷退"的总体态势,他们彼此"汉化"和"夷化",在相互交流和融合的过程中共同把云南带入了王朝国家发展的主流之中。更多还原

【Abstract】 After the "San Fan Rebellion" was settled,Yunnan gradually emerged from the turmoil and turbulence in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.Land reclamation,mineral exploitation and so on urgently needed to import a large number of Han people in the Mainland.The increasing population pressure in the Mainland urgently needed to be released to Yunnan and other places.At this time,the Tusi rule in Yunnan was relatively independent politically and economically.It became a closed and exclusive fortress and an obstacle for Han immigrants to enter Yunnan.A social reform based on the chieftain system was inevitable.The Han immigrants who came to Yunnan before "Gaituguiliu"brought production technology,landlord economic model and advanced Confucian culture to the frontier areas.At the same time,they shook the social foundation of the Tusi rule and provided social conditions for the "Gaituguiliu".In the process of the "Gaituguiliu",the green camp soldiers,mainly Han people,became the important force in the transformation of force.The "Gaituguiliu" broke the monopoly of natural resources by the Chieftain,and a large number of Han families moved to Yunnan,forming a larger climax of Han immigrants.Before and after the "Gaituguiliu",the Han immigrants and the local indigenous groups in Yunnan presented the general situation of "Han entered and Yi retreated".They "sinicized" and "barbarized" each other,and jointly brought Yunnan into the mainstream of the dynasty’s national development in the process of mutual exchange and integration.更多还原