【摘要】 【目的】利用数学模型研究氮、磷、钾不同配比对党参产量以及有效成分含量的影响,以确定试验区党参的施肥模式和最优的氮磷钾配比,为党参规范化栽培提供依据。【方法】采用氮、磷、钾三因素二次D-饱和最优设计,进行了田间试验,建立了氮、磷、钾的施肥量编码值与党参根产量、党参炔苷含量以及党参多糖含量的效应函数。【结果】氮、磷、钾肥对党参产量的影响大小依次为氮>钾>磷;氮、磷、钾肥对党参炔苷含量的影响为磷>氮>钾;氮、磷、钾肥对党参多糖含量的影响为磷>钾>氮。寻优结果表明,目标产量在2100～2500 kg/hm²范围内,95%的置信区间所对应的优化施肥量为N 128.4～174.1 kg/hm²、P₂O₅ 49.26～80.41kg/hm²、K₂O 45.31～70.42 kg/hm²;炔苷含量高于0.75 mg/g,95%的置信区间所对应的优化施肥量为N128.5～196.6 kg/hm²、P₂O₅ 77.09～118.0 kg/hm²、K₂O 41.34～53.72 kg/hm²;多糖含量高于22.50%,95%的置信区间所对应的优化施肥量为N 96.04～141.6 kg/hm²、P₂O₅ 61.53～88.33 kg/hm²、K₂O 40.22～75.83 kg/hm²。【结论】党参高产优质高效栽培最优施肥量为N 128.5～141.6 kg/hm²、P₂O₅ 77.09～80.41 kg/hm²、K₂O45.31～53.72 kg/hm²,N、P₂O₅、K₂O的最优施肥量配比为1∶0.54～0.63∶0.32～0.42。更多还原

【Abstract】 【Objectives】The effects of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium on the growth and bioactive component contents of Codonopsis pilosula were studied, and the optimum rates of N, P and K were proposed using mathematical model, in order to ensure reasonable fertilization for standardized cultivation of Codonopsis pilosula.【Methods】Using three-factor D-saturation optimal design, a field experiment was conducted. The effect functions of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium application codes on the yield, lobetyolin and polysaccharide of Codonopsis pilosula were established, and the optimum rates were calculated by the models.【Results】The effect of N, P₂O₅ and K₂O on yield is N > K₂O > P₂O₅, on lobetyolin content is P₂O₅ > N > K₂O,and on polysaccharide is P₂O₅ > K₂O > N. From the results of the frequency analysis, the optimal fertilizer application rates of N, P₂O₅ and K₂O were respectively 128.4-174.1, 49.26-80.41 and 45.31-70.42 kg/hm² for the target yield between 2100 and 2500 kg/hm² and confidence interval 95%, and 128.5-196.6, 77.09-118.0 and41.34-53.72 kg/hm² for the lobetyolin content over 0.75 mg/g and confidence interval 95%, and 96.04-141.6,61.53-88.33 and 40.22-75.83 kg/hm² for the polysaccharide content over 22.50% and confidence interval 95%.【Conclusions】The optimal fertilizer application rates for both high yield and high quality of Codonopsis pilosula are N 128.5-141.6, P₂O₅ 77.09-80.41 and K₂O 45.31-53.72 kg/hm², respectively, and the corresponding fertilizer ratio of N:P₂O₅:K₂O is 1:0.54-0.63:0.32-0.42.更多还原