【摘要】 作为宋代乡村区划的"团",其渊源有二,其一为晚唐五代的土团,其二为两宋之际的团教乡兵单位,两者皆根植于南方地区的地方武力传统。步入南宋以后,为应对严峻的地方军政形势,重塑基层统治体系,宋廷大力推行保伍法,使得"团"在保伍编制中的层级地位逐渐凸显。另一方面,随着地方上土豪势力的崛起,以土豪任隅官,统领保伍也渐趋普遍。而南宋中叶后,隅官制和"团"制正是以保伍制为基础逐渐结合,形成了"隅团"这一新的乡治体系。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a kind of grass-rooted unit in the Song Dynasty, Tuan originated from two traditional institutions, one is the local armed unit called Tu Tuan which emerged and rose in the Late Tang Dynasty and Five Dynasties and Ten States, the other one is the policy of reform and train the militiaman which practiced in the time between the Northern and Southern Song Dynasty. They were both rooted in the tradition of local armed force in the south of China. In order to deal with the urgent military situation and rebuild the village system, the Southern Song regime promoted the Bao Wu system vigorously, affected by this policy, Tuan became more important than before as a unit of Bao Wu. Meanwhile, the local tyrants rose and generally occupied the leader of Bao Wu, named Yu Guan, Yu Guan gradually combined with Tuan on the base of and then became a new kind of rural governing system named Yu Tuan.更多还原