【摘要】 氢作为一种高燃烧热值的清洁能源载体,对于解决当前日益严峻的能源短缺和环境污染问题具有重要意义。与传统的化石燃料(如天然气、煤)重整制氢相比,电催化分解水作为一种清洁可再生的制氢工艺具有重要的应用前景。但目前常用的电解水析氢反应(HER)催化剂多为贵金属基(如Pt)材料,储量稀少且成本高昂,因此开发低成本、高活性的非贵金属HER催化剂是当前该领域研究面临的重要挑战。本文综述了近年来碳基材料用于HER催化研究的相关进展。根据碳基材料在HER催化剂中扮演的功能将其分为两大类:活性相和复合相。作为活性相时,通过异质原子掺杂等方式激活其本征活性,直接应用于催化析氢反应;作为复合相时,其作用有导电基底、高分散载体、耐腐蚀防护层等,通过协同增强效应,提高复合催化剂的整体活性,目前个别非贵金属催化剂的活性几乎可以与Pt基催化剂相媲美。本文总结了这些新型碳基HER催化剂的研究进展及其性能调控策略,并对未来开发低成本、高效率的HER催化剂的探索方向进行了展望。更多还原

【Abstract】 As an important clean energy carrier with a high combustion heat value, hydrogen is of great importance for addressing the challenges caused by an increasingly severe energy shortage and environmental pollution. Compared with traditional hydrogen production from fossil fuel(e.g. natural gas, coal) by steam reforming, the electrocatalytic production of hydrogen by water splitting is a renewable and eco-friendly technique. Currently, the widely used catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) is a noble metal(e.g. Pt), which has very limited availability and a high cost. Therefore, it is crucial to develop low-cost and highly effective alternative HER electrocatalysts. In this review, we summarize the use of carbon materials for noble metal-free HER catalysts, in which they play roles including as an active catalyst and a matrix component. By heteroatom doping, the intrinsic activities of carbon materials are optimized and improved, and carbon-based metal-free catalysts are produced. As a matrix, the main roles of the carbon materials are as conductive substrates, highly-dispersed support materials and corrosion resistant layers. The catalytic activity of carbon-based catalysts is improved by a synergistic effect between a co-catalyst and the carbon skeleton. The HER performance of some reported carbon-based catalysts are even close to that of Pt. We summarize the strategies for tailoring the HER performance of carbon-based electrocatalysts and the prospects for future research on developing highly efficient and low-cost catalysts are discussed.更多还原