【摘要】 小麦白粉病是威胁小麦生产的主要病害之一,发病严重时可导致小麦产量损失较大。近年来寡糖激发子已成为防控植物病害的一种有效措施,为了探明真菌寡糖激发子对小麦白粉病的防控效果,开展了小麦白粉菌寡糖激发子的提取和防效测定试验。采用微珠涡旋法和热解法提取了小麦白粉菌细胞壁粗多糖(GD)和寡糖激发子粗提物(GB),通过总糖和蛋白质含量的测定,明确了GD和GB的组成成分主要为总糖和蛋白质,GD的得率为19.77%,总糖含量为73.81%,蛋白质含量为12.35%,GB得率为10%,GB总糖含量69.6%,蛋白质含量为11.3%。通过红外光谱扫描GD和GB的结构,可知GD和GB的结构中都存在糖的官能团特征吸收峰,二者吸收峰出现的位置基本一致,GD中存在β型糖苷键的连接方式。通过大豆子叶激发法测定了GB的生物活性,明确了GB浓度为200μg·L-1时生物活性最高。通过测定GB对小麦白粉菌孢子萌发的抑制试验,明确了GB对小麦白粉菌孢子萌发无抑制作用。通过测定GB对小麦离体叶段和温室盆栽苗小麦白粉病的防效试验,明确了GB对小麦白粉病的防效分别达到54.61%和50.87%。通过测定GB的最佳防治诱导间隔期试验,明确了GB对小麦白粉病的最佳防治诱导间隔期为5d。以上结果表明,本试验提取的小麦白粉菌寡糖激发子粗提物GB对小麦白粉病有较好的诱抗效果,为生产上小麦白粉病的防控提供了新的途径。更多还原

【Abstract】 Wheat powdery mildew is one of the main diseases threatening wheat production, which can lead to great loss of wheat yield when the disease is serious. In recent years, oligosaccharide elicitor has become an effective measure to control plant diseases. In order to find out the control effect of fungal oligosaccharide elicitor on wheat powdery mildew, the extraction and control effect of oligosaccharide elicitor from wheat powdery mildew were carried out in this study. The crude polysaccharides(GD) and oligosaccharide exciter(GB), from the cell wall of wheat powdery mildew were extracted by bead vortex method and pyrolysis. The total sugar and protein contents of GD and GB were determined. The yield of GD was 19.77%, the content of total sugar was 73.81%, the content of protein was 12.35%, the yield of GB was 10%, the content of total sugar of GB was69.6%, the content of total sugar was 19.77%, the content of total sugar was 7.81%, the content of protein was 12.35%, the yield of GB was 10%, and the content of total sugar of GB was 69.6%. The protein content was 11.3%. By scanning the structures of GD and GB by infrared spectroscopy, it can be seen that there are characteristic absorption peaks of sugar functional groups in the structures of GD and GB, and the position of the absorption peaks is basically the same. There is a connection mode of β-glycoside bond in GD. The biological activity of GB was determined by soybean cotyledon excitation method, and it was confirmed that the highest biological activity was obtained when the concentration of GB was 200 μg·L-1.The inhibitory effect of GB on spore germination of wheat powdery mildew was determined, and it was confirmed that GB had no inhibitory effect on spore germination of Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici. By measuring the control effects of GB on wheat powdery mildew in vitro and greenhouse, it was confirmed that the control effects of GB on wheat powdery mildew were 54.61%and 50.87%, respectively. By measuring the best induction interval of GB, the optimal induction interval of GB on wheat powdery mildew was determined to be 5 d. The above results showed that the crude extract GB of wheat powdery mildew oligosaccharide exciter extracted in this experiment had a good inducing effect on wheat powdery mildew, which will provide a new way for the prevention and control of wheat powdery mildew.更多还原