【摘要】 "空间碎片主动移除-在轨卫星维护"(ADR-OOS)从概念的提出到技术方案设想均是在美国主导下推向国际航天界和国际空间法学界直至外空委成员国在国际层面进行讨论的。在许多国际场合,美国政府的军事航天机构和航天主管部门及其航天专家都在宣扬"ADR-OOS"对整治近地轨空间碎片环境的积极作用,避而不谈开展"ADR-OOS"活动所需的"交会和靠近操作"(RPO)系统技术潜在的自主天基武器系统功能对正常运行的目标卫星的破坏作用和产生更多空间碎片的负面作用。在既没有专门规范"ADR-OOS"行为,也缺失专门规制"RPO"技术应用的国际规则的国际空间法制与政策环境下,在谋求单边安全优势的外空安全观支配下的美国力图把自己制定的"ADR-OOS-RPO"技术应用的国内标准和规范推向国际航天社会,把有利于自己的商业利益和军事能力增强的国内规范变为国际规范。开展"ADROOS"活动所需的"ADR-OOS-RPO"系统技术的在轨使用是美国实现外空军事化和武器化战略规划的重要组成部分,我国航天科技和法律界对"ADR-OOS-RPO"系统技术的军事、政治敏感性及其异化应用对外空安全的潜在威胁应该保持清醒的认识。更多还原

【Abstract】 ADR-OOS, from the envisage of concepts to technology programs, under the US’ leading guidance, is initiated and advanced in the international space community and the international space law community, even is put under the CUPUOS discussion.On many international occasions, the military space agency and the space administrative authority of US government and their space experts have been talking about the positive effects of ADR-OOS on the remediation of the space debris environment. However, they do not mention the negative effects of ADR-OOS-RPO system and its technologies required in conducting the ADR-OOS activity, as such system and its technologies have potential capabilities of autonomous space-based weapon system which can be utilized to destroy the actively operational target satellite. In the international law and policy environment, there are no specific international regulations governing the behavior of ADR-OOS activity and the utilization of RPO technology. With the idea of space security for its unilateral safety priority, US intends to advance to the international space community its national standards and norms of the ADR-OOS and the utilization of RPO technology, which benefit its own commercial interest and reinforce its military capability, and transform these standards and norms into international ones. The use in orbit of ADR-OOS-RPO system technologies which are required in conducting ADR-OOS activity is an important component of the implementation of US for militarization and weaponization in space. As such, it is important for our space science-technology and space law community to keep a clear head to recognize that ADR-OOS-RPO system technologies constitute a militarily and politically sensitive issue, and their misuse is a potential threat to the space security.更多还原