【摘要】 《北美自由贸易协定》(NAFTA)是美国推动签署的将两个发达国家和一个发展中国家的经济和市场连结在一起的贸易协定,重新谈判该协定是特朗普上台之后全面展开世界贸易战的首个目标,特朗普政府试图通过该协定的重新谈判,制定并主导新的贸易规制标准,以更好地维护美国的利益。从重新谈判达成的《美墨加协定》可以看出,美国提出更新的条款与美国的国内利益诉求是一脉相承的,美国已经成功地将其提出的相关新条款加入了协定,实现了其在关税、原产地规则和新科技等方面的多数要求。加拿大和墨西哥虽然在某些条款中屈从于美国的要求而做出了让步,但是在一些核心问题上坚持了自己的利益,并且迫使美国也做出了让步。从加拿大的角度来看,在木材出口和文化产品标准方面,加拿大一直在谈判中坚持其自身特殊的利益诉求。墨西哥在谈判中迫于美国的压力和自身的弱势地位,接受了关于劳工和环境作为附加条款,但对于能源等国家核心利益部门,一直没有将之置于北美贸易谈判的条款中。更多还原

【Abstract】 Renegotiation of NAFTA is the top agenda for Trump’s worldwide trade war since he took office. By reaching the new agreement USMCA,Trump Administration tried to develop and dominate new trade rules to better safeguard the interests of the United States. Seen from the new rules under the USMCA, terms proposed by Trump Administration are in line with the domestic interests of the U. S.,and it has successfully acquired the provisions it has proposed in the renegotiation. Although the "sunset clause"was once nearly rejected by Mexico in the process,the Trump Administration has secured it finally along with its majority requirements in terms of tariffs,rules of origin and new technologies in the agreement reached between the United States and Mexico. Although Canada and Mexico made concessions in some of the provisions that succumbed to U. S. demands,they insisted on their own interests on some core issues and forced the United States to make relevant concessions too. Canada has consistently adhered to its own special requirements in areas of timber exports and cultural product standards. Though Mexico was forced to accept the labor and environment provisions as additional clauses under U. S. pressure,the issues concerning its national core interests such as energy,have never been placed in the terms of North American trade negotiations.更多还原