【摘要】 纳米酶是一类既有纳米材料的独特性能,又有催化功能的模拟酶,而表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)是由于一些分子吸附在粗糙金属纳米粒子或其他具有增强性能的纳米材料表面引起的拉曼信号被极大增强的现象,二者有一定的共性。除了贵金属、双金属纳米酶SERS基底的SERS增强来源于电磁场增强机制以外,SERS纳米酶复合材料基底的SERS增强机制一般为电磁场增强与化学增强共同起到作用。由于纳米酶是以纳米材料为基础的催化材料,而SERS基底材料也依赖于纳米材料,纳米酶SERS基底材料的构筑需要协同材料的类酶催化和SERS两个方面的活性。然而SERS活性基底材料的引入有可能会减少催化剂表面催化中心位点,降低催化效率,还会由于被催化分子在催化活性材料与SERS活性材料上的吸附性能不同造成SERS检测信号不能真实反映催化反应的真实进程,很大程度上限制了SERS技术对于催化监测的应用。因此对于纳米酶SERS基底来说,其有效的设计构筑来协同复合材料的催化与SERS活性对于纳米酶催化体系研究具有重要的意义。纳米酶SERS基底材料对于SERS技术在环境监测、食品安全、生物医学等领域应用具有重要的意义。基于特异性分子或者离子对于纳米酶催化反应的刺激响应,可以间接检测一些无拉曼散射截面的小分子,重金属离子和生物分子等,而这些分子本身是无法通过与基底的作用而直接被检测出来,对于这些分子的检测助于推进表面增强拉曼技术的普适化应用。纳米酶SERS基质材料的研究在理论和实际应用中具有重要价值,在催化机理、监测以及超敏生物传感领域具有广阔的前景。更多还原

【Abstract】 Nanozymes are a kind of mimetic enzymes with both unique properties of nanomaterials and catalytic functions. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS) is a phenomenon that Raman signals are greatly enhanced due to the adsorption of some molecules on the surface of rough metal nanoparticles or other nanomaterials. Nanozymatic SERS substrate possesses both enzyme-like and SERS activity. In addition to the electromagnetic field enhancement mechanism of precious metals and bimetallic nanozymatic SERS substrates, both electromagnetic field enhancement and chemical enhancement contribute to the SERS enhancement mechanism of nanozymatic SERS composite substrates. Since nanozymes are catalytic materials based on nanomaterials, and SERS substrate materials are also depending on the intrinsic property of nanomaterials, the construction of nanozymatic SERS substrate materials requires synergistic enzymatic catalysis and SERS activity. However, the introduction of SERS active substrate materials may reduce the catalytic active sites on the catalyst surface and the catalytic efficiency. On the other hand, the different adsorption properties of the molecules on the catalytically active materials and SERS active materials may cause the SERS detection signals to not truly reflect the real process of catalytic reaction, which greatly restrict their application for monitoring the catalytic process. Therefore, the design of nanozymatic SERS substrate is particularly important to balance the catalytic and SERS activity of composite materials. Nanozymatic SERS substrates show promising applications in environmental monitoring, food safety, biomedicine and other fields. Based on the stimulus response of small molecules and heavy metal ions to nanozymatic reaction, some probes without Raman scattering cross-section, such as small molecules, heavy metal ions, and biomolecules can be indirectly detected, while such molecules can not be directly detected by the interaction with the substrate through the SERS technology. The research of nanozymatic SERS substrate materials has great value in theory and real applications with broad prospects in the field of catalytic mechanism and monitoring as well as ultrasensitive biosensing.更多还原