【摘要】 目前室内空气污染研究多集中于公共民用建筑及工业建筑,极少涉及居住建筑。然而人们一天中有不少于1/3的时间在住宅建筑中度过,住宅建筑是生活的重要场所,住宅内的环境健康问题不容忽视。随着近年来对健康建筑的关注日益增加,有必要对住宅内的环境污染现状进行研究,尤其是室外空气质量问题较多的北方地区。以严寒地区典型城市哈尔滨为例,在冬季和夏季分别开展实地调研,对居住建筑室内空气品质进行分析。通过实地和网络调查共收集问卷813份,统计了居民生活习惯,并实时监测20户居住建筑内常见的污染源在不同季节的分布特性。调研结果显示,夏季通常通风,室内空气品质良好。冬季受室外雾霾和气候影响,约70%的住户无开窗习惯。另外,由于缺乏对应通风换气措施,室内实际上是一个密闭环境,造成室内甲醛和TVOC大量积聚,达到空气质量标准所要求的室内最高限值的4倍以上,存在较高的突发性污染事故爆发的风险。所开展的调研内容可为下一步的住宅通风控制方案提供一定的数据基础和依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 At present,the indoor air pollution on of public civil buildings and industrial buildings are mainly focused,but rarely involves residential buildings. However,people spend more than one third of their time in the house,which is an important place for life. The environmental health issues in the house cannot be ignored. With the increasing attention paid to healthy buildings in recent years,it is necessary to study the current situation of environmental pollution in residential buildings,especially in the north where outdoor air quality problems occur frequently. Taking Harbin,a typical city in severe cold region,as an example,this paper carried out field research in winter and summer to analyze indoor air quality of residential buildings. A total of 813 questionnaires were collected through field surveys and online surveys,and the living habits of residents were counted. The distribution characteristics of common pollution sources in 20 residential buildings in different seasons were monitored. The results show that summer ventilates very well and air quality is good. But due to outdoor smog and climate influence,about 70%residentes households have no habit to ventilate in winter. Because of the lack of countermeas ures of ventilation,the indoor space actually becomes a closed environment,causing huge accumulation of indoor formaldehyde and TVOC,air quality is four times than the highest limit in the standard. There is a high risk of outbreaks of sudden pollution accident. The research can provide certain data basis for the next plan of housing general risk control system.更多还原