【摘要】 针对C₈₀型铁路货车制动装置的缓解不良、闸瓦磨耗不均及车轮踏面和轮缘磨耗不均现象,运用现场试验和多体动力学仿真实验相结合的方法,预测了其制动装置的制动和缓解性能.首先,分析其结构与工作原理并进行现场空、重车闸瓦压力测试实验.然后,在RecurDyn中创建虚拟样机并进行空、重车仿真实验,结合现场实测数据对仿真模型进行验证.最后,对空车、重车模型进行最小间隙、中值尺寸、最大间隙和销轴减小1 mm工况的制动和缓解性能仿真预测实验.研究发现:在制动过程中,靠近固定杠杆支点座一侧的2位闸瓦和车轮易产生磨耗,会导致轮径差的出现;空车制动效率随配合间隙的增大而减小;空车制动时,闸瓦压力分布不均匀,易导致闸瓦磨耗不均.缓解性能随着配合间隙的增大而变好,最小间隙工况为最不利工况.现场采取销轴减小1 mm的措施可以解决制动装置缓解不良问题,但也会造成因间隙变大而导致空车制动效率变低.预测结果及其方法为C₈₀型等铁路货车制动装置的升级改造提供技术参考.更多还原

【Abstract】 Aiming at the problems of improper release, uneven brake shoe wear, wheel tread and wheel flange wear of the C80 type railway wagon brake device, the braking and the relieving performances of the braking device are predicted by field test and multi-body dynamics simulation. The structure and working principle are analyzed, and the empty car and loaded car brake shoe pressure test experiments are carried out. Then, the virtual prototype is established in RecurDyn for a simulation experiment for the empty and loaded vehicle, and the reliability of the simulation models is verified with the field test data. The simulation and prediction experiments of the braking and reliving performances are conducted for the no-load and loaded vehicle models in condition with the minimum, median and, maximum clearanceswith 1 mm reduction of the pin size. It is found that during the braking process, No.2 brake shoes and the wheel near the fixed lever fulcrum seat are easy to wear, which will lead to the wheel diameter difference.The brake efficiency of the empty car diminishes with the increase of the dimension clearance. When the empty car is braked, the pressure distribution of thebrake shoe is uneven, which may easily lead to uneven wear of the brake shoe. The mitigation performance becomes better as the gap increases, and the minimum clearance condition is the most unfavorable one. Although reducing the pin size by 1 mm to solve the problem of mitigation of the brake device on the field test, it will cause the efficiency of the empty car lower due to the larger clearance at the same time. The results and research methods above provide technical reference for the upgrading of the brakes of railway vehicles such as C80.更多还原