【摘要】 为利用多金属结核与低品位硫化镍矿,提出嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌（Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans,At. f菌）共浸出镍、钴、铜、锰工艺,考察有无Fe（Ⅲ）和At. f菌体系中S/Mn矿石质量比、矿浆浓度、搅拌速度、温度、接菌量和pH值对主金属元素浸出的影响,通过循环伏安、电化学极化、计时电流、XRD和SEM等分析手段揭示多金属共浸出过程中At. f菌的增速作用机理。结果表明:At. f菌可提高主金属元素浸出速度和回收率;At. f菌存在时,多金属结核阴极-低品位镍矿阳极电极间电位差增大,Fe³⁺/Fe²⁺和S⁰/S^2-氧化还原加快,从而加速腐蚀反应。At. f菌促进多金属结核溶解过程电子转移和物质交换,引起低品位硫化镍矿氧化还原电位负移并释放吸附矿石表面S⁰电子。有菌浸取时的镍、锰、铜和钴浸出率分别达95.34%、97.34%、92.24%和97.75%,比无菌浸取时的分别提高8.78%、4.78%、10.34%和5.46%。更多还原

【Abstract】 For the extraction of Ni,Cu,Co,and Mn from polymetallic nodule and low-grade nickel sulfide ore,a simultaneous bioleaching was investigated by using Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans（At.f）.The extraction regularity was measured by effect of mass ratio of S/Mn,pulp density,agitation speed,temperature,inoculation amount of bacteria and pH on the leaching of major metal elements.The feature and mechanism of the acceleration of At.f was determined by cyclic voltammetry,electrochemical polarization-curve,chronoamperometry,XRD and SEM analysis.The results show that the leaching rate and recovery of major metal elements increase with admixing At.f.Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans prospers the corrosion,by accelerating the mutual transformation of Fe³⁺/Fe²⁺ and S⁰/S^2- electron couples and by increasing the potential difference between the anode of low-grade nickel sulfide ore and the cathode of polymetallic nodule.Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans can also improve the electron transfer and substance exchange in the dissolution of polymetallic nodules,cause a negative movement of the corrosion potential of nickel ore,and increase in the electron release of the adherent S⁰.With the presence of At.f,the extraction ratios of Ni,Mn,Cu and Co during bioleaching are 95.34%,97.34%,92.24% and 97.75%,respectively,and more than those during inorganic leaching by 8.78%,4.78%,10.34% and 5.46%.更多还原