【摘要】 采用相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析等方法,对43份寒地稗草的21个形态性状进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明:(1)21个形态性状中有6个性状只表现出一种表型,是相对稳定的形态性状,其余15个性状表现出不同程度的遗传差异。其中,叶长、叶宽和总状花序长度的变异系数较大,分别为17.51%、23.28%和16.74%。(2)部分数量性状间表现出显著或极显著的相关性,如叶长与圆锥花序长度和株高、叶宽与主茎直径、圆锥花序长度与总状花序长度均呈极显著正相关。(3)主成分分析表明,叶长、叶宽、圆锥花序长度、总状花序长度、小穗长度、主茎直径、小穗颜色、圆锥花序弯曲程度和株高等性状是造成寒地稗草表型差异的主要因素。(4)寒地稗草在遗传距离12.5处被划分成4大类群,且各类群间形态性状差异显著。第Ⅰ类群植株高大,但茎秆较细;第Ⅱ类群植株矮小纤细;第Ⅲ类群植株矮小但茎秆粗壮;第Ⅳ类群植株高大粗壮。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to reveal the genetic diversity of Echinochloa crusgalli resources from cold areas,21 morphological traits of 43 accessions of wild Echinochloa crusgalli were analyzed by the correlation analysis,principal component analysis and cluster analysis.The results showed that:1)6 of the 21 morphological traits showed only one phenotypes with relatively stable botany characters,and the other 15 traits exhibited genetic differentiation in different degrees.The variation coefficients of leaf length,leaf width and raceme length were larger,which were 17.51%,23.28% and 16.74%,respectively.2)Some quantitative traits showed significant or extremely significant correlations.Such as leaf length was significantly positively correlated with panicle length and plant height,leaf width was significantly positively correlated with main stem diameter,panicle length was significantly positively correlated with raceme length.3)Principal component analysis showed that leaf length,leaf width,panicle length,raceme length,spikelet length,main stem diameter,spikelet color and plant height were the main factors that caused phenotypic differences in Echinochloa crusgalli.4)Echinochloa crusgalliwas divided into four groups at the genetic distance 12.5,and the morphological traits of each group were significantly different.In the first group plants were larger but stems were thinner.In the second group plants were dwarf and slender.In the third group plants were dwarf and stalks stout.In the fourth group plants were larger and stalks stout.更多还原