【摘要】 目的研究学龄前儿童双眼散光的轴向对称模式。设计横断面调查。研究对象3～4岁学龄前儿童164例。方法采用美国伟伦Suresight手持式自动验光仪收集2017年6-8月在幼儿园体检的学龄前儿童的屈光资料,选取两种散光对称模型(直接对称模型和镜像对称模型)对学龄前儿童的不同散光对称模式进行统计分析,并研究性别、球镜值、散光值、散光类型和双眼散光差异等与散光轴向对称模型的关系。主要指标散光轴向差异。结果直接对称模型的散光轴向差异中位数是8°,大于镜像对称模型的4°(P<0.01)。完全直接对称模式和完全镜像对称模式的比例分别为0%和6%。直接对称模型和镜像对称模型的散光轴向差异在15°以内的比例分别是77%和87%。直接对称模型和镜像对称模型中,顺规散光的轴向差异值均最小,中位数分别为8°和3°。对于直接对称模型,散光类型和双眼散光差异与双眼散光轴向差异呈正相关(R=0.42,P<0.01;R=0.22,P=0.01);对于镜像对称模型,散光类型和双眼散光差异与双眼散光轴向差异呈正相关(R=0.44,P<0.01;R=0.14,P=0.04),散光值与双眼散光轴向差异呈负相关(R=-0.20,P=0.01)。结论学龄前儿童双眼散光的轴向对称模式更倾向于镜像对称;双眼散光差异最小的和顺规性散光儿童的双眼轴向差异最小。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To study symmetry patterns of axes(direct and mirror) in bilateral astigmatism of pre-school children. Design Cross-sectional study. Participants One hundred and sixty-four pre-school children aged 3-4 years old from new kindergartners being medically examined from June to August 2017 was collected. Methods Refractive status data were measured using hand held autorefractor(WelchAllyn). Descriptive statistics of symmetry patterns of axes data were analyzed through two symmetry models of axes(the mirror and direct symmetry models). The relationship between gender, spherical values, magnitude of astigmatism, type of astigmatism, anisoastigmatism and inter-ocular axis difference was analyzed respectively. Main Outcome Measures Inter-ocular axis difference. Results The median of the absolute inter-ocular axis difference from exact symmetry was 4° under the mirror symmetry model(mirror axes). Under the direct symmetry model(equal axes), the median of the absolute inter-ocular axis difference was significantly higher, at 8°(P<0.01). 6% and 0% had exact mirror and direct symmetry, respectively. In addition, 87% of cases with mirror symmetry model and 77% with direct symmetry model were within 15 degrees of exact symmetry. In direct and mirror symmetry model, the median of inter-ocular axis diffrence of with-the-rule(WTR) astigmatism children were both the lowest, at 8° and 3°. In direct symmetry model, type of astigmatism and anisoastigmatism had a positive correlation with inter-ocular axis difference(R=0.42, P<0.01; R=0.22,P=0.01); while our data also shows a positive correlation between type of astigmatism(R=0.44, P<0.01), anisoastigmatism and inter-ocular axis difference(R=0.14, P=0.04), and a negative correlation between magnitude of astigmatism and inter-ocular axis difference in mirror symmetry model(R=-0.20, P=0.01). Conclusion The bilateral symmetry of the astigmatism axes was highly prevalent and mostly of the mirror pattern. Lower anisoastigmatism children and with-the-rule(WTR) astigmatism children showed better symmetry.更多还原