【摘要】 水源湖作为城市中重要的人工饮用水水源地,其水质的维持改善至关重要。恢复和构建高等水生植物群落尤其是沉水植物是控制湖库营养盐水平、防止富营养化的重要手段。以上海市人工水源湖——金泽水库为研究对象,开展实际原水浓度下两种不同沉水植物群落净化水体中氮磷和悬浮物质的原位中试试验,研究沉水植物对水源湖体中营养物质的净化效果和影响因素,为水源湖水生植物系统构建和水质维持改善提供科学依据。结果表明,沉水植物对水体中的氮、磷营养物质和悬浮物的净化效果均明显高于对照组,且苦草（Vallisneria natans）和伊乐藻（Elodea nuttallii）组合群落的净化效果总体优于黑藻（Hydrilla verticillata）群落。沉水植物对试验水体的净化效果以PO₄^3--P最高,净化率为42.3%±13.9%;其次为对SS的净化率,为28.1%±7.7%;对NH₄⁺-N、NO₃^--N、TN、TP的净化率分别为17.5%±5.1%、11.0%±3.9%、8.2%±3.7%和18.1%±4.1%,植物对磷营养盐的去除效果优于对氮营养盐的去除效果。在试验期间,沉水植物生长总体经历了"快-慢-衰亡"的过程,生物量（干重）峰值为1 153.3 g·m^-2。生物量和进水浓度对水质净化效果影响的分析表明,植物对氮磷营养盐的去除效果主要受植物生物量大小的影响,二者表现出显著的正相关关系;同时去除率还与进水氮磷浓度有一定的相关性,进水浓度高,植物对营养物质的去除率也相对较高。更多还原

【Abstract】 Water source lake as important water source of artificial drinking water in the city,the maintenance and improvement of water quality is crucial.Restoration and construction of aquatic higher plant communities,especially submerged macrophytes,is an important mean to control the level of nutrients in the lake reservoir and prevent eutrophication.A pilot research was conducted to study the purification of nitrogen,phosphorus and suspended solids by two kinds of submerged macrophytes communities under the same concentration of raw water from Jinze Reservoir,an artificial water source lake in Shanghai.The research is to study the effects of submerged macrophytes on the purification of nutrients in water source lakes and their influencing factors,and to provide a scientific basis for the system construction of aquatic lakes and the improvement and management of water quality.The results showed that the purification effect of submerged macrophytes on nitrogen,phosphorus and suspended solids in water was significantly higher than that in the control group,and the water purification efficiency of the combination of Vallisneria natans and Elodea nuttallii was stronger than that of Hydrilla verticillata community.The purification effect of submerged macrophytes on PO₄^3--P was the highest,and the purification rate was 42.3%±13.9%;The removal rate for suspended solids was 28.1%±7.7%;The removal rate of NH₄⁺-N,NO₃^--N,TN and TP was 17.5%±5.1%,11.0%±3.9%,8.2%±3.7%and 18.1%±4.1%,respectively.The results also showed that the removal efficiency of phosphorus was higher than that of nitrogen nutrient.During the experiment,we found that the growth of submerged macrophytes was characterized by the process of"fast-slow-decay",and the peak value of biomass（dry weight）was 1 153.3 g·m^-2.Our analysis of the effect of biomass and influent concentration on the purification effect of water quality further showed that the removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients was mainly affected by plant biomass,and the two showed significant positive correlation.Meanwhile,the removal rate was also correlated with the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in the water.The higher the concentration was,the higher the nutrient removal rate of submerged macrophytes was.更多还原