【摘要】 目的分析西昌市2004-2016年麻疹流行特征,为消除麻疹行动提供参考。方法采用描述流行病学方法对麻疹疫情进行统计分析。结果西昌市2004-2016年累计报告麻疹病例1 609例,年均报告发病率为28.00/10万,其中2006年报告发病率最高,2012-2016年最低(上报病例均为排出病例,未纳入分析);高发季节为1~3月和10~12月,占73.90%;男性发病高于女性;城区发病高于农村;年龄分布以8月龄至7岁为多,占52.83%;8月龄~14岁病例中32.83%有含麻成分疫苗(MCV)接种史;病例发病前7~21 d有医疗机构就诊史,仅占0.62%。结论西昌市麻疹病例以8月龄~7岁儿童为主,MCV接种率应加强;自主搬迁户较多的城区发病率较高,应做好自主搬迁儿童的接种工作;提高适龄儿童的MCV及时接种率;存在医源性感染的情况,应加强医院内感染的控制。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To analyze epidemiological characteristics of measles in Xichang in 2004 to 2016 and provide reference for eliminating measles.Methods The epidemic situation of measles was statistically analyzed using descriptive epidemiological methods.Results During the period from 2004 to 2016,a total of1 609 measles cases were reported in Xichang;the annual incidence rate was 28.00/105.The incidence rate was the highest in 2006;the incidence rates were the lowest from 2016 to 2016(all reported cases were excluded cases and not included into analysis);high-incidence seasons were January to March and October to December,and the cases in these seasons accounted for 73.90% of the total;the incidence rate was higher in males than in females;higher in urban areas than in rural areas;regarding age distribution,patients aged between 8 months and 7 years accounted for the greatest proportion(52.83%);in patients aged between 8 months and 14 years,32.83% had a history of measles component vaccine(MCV) immunization;patients with a history of visiting medical institutions 7-21 d before disease onset accounted for only 0.62%.Conclusion Measles patients in Xichang are mainly children aged between 8 months and 7 years;MCV immunization should be enhanced;the incidence rate in urban districts with many self-relocated residents is high,and immunization of self-relocated children should be implemented well;the timely MCV immunization rate of children at appropriate ages should be improved;nosocomial infection has been found and should be intensively controlled.更多还原