【摘要】 目的分析河源市2004—2017年麻疹流行病学和消除进展特点,为本地区麻疹消除工作提供参考。方法通过麻疹监测信息报告管理系统,收集河源市2004—2017年麻疹病例信息,结合历年强化免疫活动,采用描述流行病学方法分析病例发病特征。结果发病基本维持每5～6年一个流行周期,其中2015—2017年年均发病率为0.39/10万;发病县区占比下降;发病呈明显的季节性规律,发病季节与年龄出现位移;流动人口发病比重不高,但发病前7～21 d前往过医院就诊者占28.43%;免疫史不详者和无免疫史者共占88.03%;8月龄病例1剂次接种仅占8.70%;发病人群主要为散居儿童、学生和幼托儿童。结论河源市麻疹消除仍存在薄弱环节,另二胎政策开放,易感人群累积提速。为深入推进麻疹消除进程,仍须持续深度践行《2006—2012年全国消除麻疹行动计划》和《全国麻疹监测方案》;针对年龄双相移位现象,尽早开展对适龄儿童以外人群免疫策略研制。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and summarize the progress towards measleselimination in Heyuan City, 2004-2017, so as to provide the evidence for making strategies and measures for local measleselimination. Methods Combined with the historically supplementary immunization activities, the confirmed cases of measlesfrom the National Measles Surveillance System(MSS) were analyzed by the descriptive epidemiological method. Results Theperiodicity of the morbidity of the disease was around 5-6 years, and the average annual incidence of 2015-2017 was 0.39/105 population.The numbers of disease areas were declining overall.The incidence showeda seasonal variation along with the shiftsin the seasons and age.Among the cases, the migrating population only accounted for 5.74%,but 28.43% of them had been tohospitals for 7-21 days before the onset of illness. The cases with unknown vaccine history or vaccine blank accounted for88.03%. The coverage with 1 dose of measles, mumps, and rubella(MMR) vaccine among the children aged 8 months was only8.70%. The cases mostly occurred among the scatter children, school children, and kindergarten children. Conclusions Themeasles elimination has varies weak points, and the openness of two-child policy may accelerate the accumulation ofsusceptible population. In order to further promote the measles elimination, in-depth implementation of the"2006-2012 National Measles Elimination Action Plan"and"National Measles Monitoring Programme"are quite necessary. In addition,concerning with the biphasic shift in age, the development of strategies and measures for effective immunization aimed at thepeople who are not age-eligible for vaccination should be started as soon as possible.更多还原