【摘要】 滑石矿是在国民经济中占有重要地位的矿种之一,为给我国滑石资源的高效利用提供参考,系统研究了滑石的结构及其浮选性能。滑石为层状结构硅酸盐矿物,层间解离极完全,滑石晶体破碎解离后,有2个性质不同的面,基面疏水性较好,端面疏水性略差,滑石矿物具有非常好的天然疏水性。水介质中,碱金属离子Na~+、K~+会破坏滑石表面的水化膜,提高滑石的天然可浮性;多价金属离子存在时,会以金属离子、羟合络离子或氢氧化物沉淀的形式吸附在滑石表面,只有当氢氧化物吸附在滑石表面时,滑石受抑制,pH升高后,吸附在滑石表面的氢氧化物会脱落,滑石的天然可浮性恢复。煤油与起泡剂混合使用可以提高滑石的回收率,但由于煤油分散性差,浮选过程不太稳定,特别是煤油与松油醇共用时;胺类捕收剂在低pH条件下对滑石的浮选效果较好,高碱性下,胺类捕收剂在矿浆中的分散性变差,作用效果也会与煤油相似,严重影响浮选泡沫性能,恶化浮选效果;油酸不太适宜用于滑石的浮选,使用油酸时可考虑用多价金属离子做滑石的活化剂;阴离子型高分子抑制剂分子中的疏水基团会与疏水性的滑石基面通过范德华力产生物理吸附,而亲水性基团朝外,从而使滑石表面亲水而被抑制;多糖类抑制剂只能通过物理吸附在滑石表面;聚丙烯酰胺经N原子改性后,对滑石抑制效果显著。更多还原

【Abstract】 The talcum mine is one of the most important mines in the national economy,and to provide reference for the efficient utilization of talc resources in China,The structure and surface properties of talc minerals and their relationship with floatability were systematically discussed.Talc is a layered silicate mineral with complete interlaminar dissociation.When the talc crystal is broken and dissociated,there are two surfaces with different properties.The hydrophobicity of the base surface is better,and the hydrophobicity of the end surface is slightly worse.Talc minerals have excellent natural hydrophobicity.In water medium,Na~+ and K~+ can destroy the hydration film on talc surface and improve the natural floatability of talc.In the presence of polyvalent metal ions,they are adsorbed on the talc surface in form of metal ions,hydroxyl complex ions or hydroxide precipitates.Only when hydroxides are adsorbed on the talc surface,talc was depressed,with the pH increased,and the hydroxide adsorbed on the talc surface will fall off,and the natural floatability of talc will recover.The mixed use of kerosene and foaming agent can improve the recovery rate of talc,but the flotation process is not stable because of poor dispersity of kerosene,especially when kerosene and terpineol are shared.The flotation effect of amine collector on talc is better under the condition of low pH,and the dispersity of amine collector in slurry becomes worse under the condition of high alkalinity,and the effect will be similar to that of kerosene,which will seriously affect the performance of flotation foam and worsen flotation effect.Oleic acid is not suitable for flotation of talc and polyvalent metal ions can be considered as activator of talc when oleic acid is used.The hydrophobic group of anionic polymer inhibitor molecules will be physically adsorbed with hydrophobic talc base through van der Waals force.While the hydrophilic group will face outward,thus making the talc surface hydrophilic and inhibited.The polysugar inhibitors can only be physically adsorbed on the talc surface,and polyacrylamide modified by N atom has remarkable inhibition effect on talc.更多还原