【摘要】 小型水库占我国水库总数96%以上,在地方防汛、灌溉、供水和养殖等方面地位重要且不可替代。因财政投入不足和疏于管护,农村小型水库功能快速退化,总体表现出淤积渗漏严重,蓄水能力低下;水质备受氮磷等营养物质污染,富营养化现象突出;水库出租养鱼后功能单一等特点。针对小型水库功能萎缩与退化的现状,从加强水文、水资源、水质等基础数据调查,依据供用水情况明确小型水库的核心功能及恢复目标,严控泥沙淤积与恢复兴利库容,污染阻控削减和增加水环境容量,发展生态养殖和防治生态过载以及鼓励投入与科学监管维护等方面提出了对策及建议,以期为农村小型水库水资源高效储蓄与可持续利用提供科学依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Accounting for 96% of the total reservoirs in China,small reservoirs played an important and irreplaceable role in local flood control,agricultural irrigation,water supply and aquaculture. Due to inadequate financial investment and lack of management,functions of small reservoirs in rural area deteriorated dramatically with severe sedimentation and leakage,insufficient water storage capacity,widespread nutrient pollution and eutrophication,and excessive reservoir fish farming. In view of this,countermeasures and suggestions are put forward: 1) reinforcing basic data investigation in hydrology,water resource and water quality; 2) identifying and determining the key function of small reservoir and the targets of restoration based on water supply and utilization; 3) controlling silt sedimentation and recovering the utilizable capacity; 4) reducing pollutant input and increasing water environmental capacity; 5) developing ecological fish farming and preventing ecosystem overload; 6) encouraging investment and scientific management. This research is expected to provide scientific basis for guiding the water resource storage and sustainable utilization in rural areas.更多还原