【摘要】 宽频带的偶极子信号是进行偶极子频散校正和近井壁成像的基础。为了获得宽带的频散曲线,本文在非线性调频偶极子激励信号的基础上,提出了一种分段线性调频激励信号,从而能简便对弯曲波激发强度曲线进行补偿,进而提升整个频带上的信噪比。利用有限差分方法数值计算了雷克子波声源、线性调频声源、非线性调频声源以及分段线性调频声源在均质硬地层以及径向变化地层两种井孔模型中的响应及其频散特征。结果表明,在信噪比较低的情况下,雷克子波产生的弯曲波频散曲线有效频带集中在艾里相附近,不能得到整个频带的频散曲线,无法获取近井壁及远离井壁的地层信息;线性调频信号可以获得艾里相频段及高频段的有效频散曲线,但无法获得低频段的频散信息,对远离井壁的地层信息探测能量不足;非线性调频信号可以获得整个频带的频散曲线,可以探测较远的地层信息,但不易实现;分段调频信号可以获得与非线性调频信号相同的效果,且易于实现,从而扩展了偶极子的探测范围和提高了速度计算的准确度。更多还原

【Abstract】 A wideband dipole signal is required for dipole dispersion correction and nearborehole imaging. To obtain the broadband flexural wave dispersion, we use a nonlinear frequency modulation(NLFM) signal and propose a segment linear frequency modulation(SLFM) signal as the dipole excitation signal to compensate for the excitation intensity. The signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) of the signal over the entire frequency band is increased. The finite-difference method is used to simulate the responses from a Ricker wavelet, a linear frequency modulation(LFM) signal, an NLFM signal, and an SLFM signal in two borehole models of a homogeneously hard formation and a radially stratified formation. The dispersion and radial tomography results at low SNR of the sound source signals are compared. Numerical modeling suggests that the energy of the flexural waves excited by the Ricker wavelet source is concentrated near the Airy phase. In this case, the dispersion is incomplete and information regarding the formation near or far from the borehole cannot be obtained. The LFM signal yields dispersion information near the Airy phase and the high-frequency range but not in the low-frequency range. Moreover, the information regarding the formation far from the borehole is not accurate. The NLFM signal extends the frequency range of the flexural waves by compensating for the excitation intensity and yields information regarding the formation information, but it is not easy to obtain. The SLFM signal yields the same results as the NLFM signal and is easier to implement. Consequently, the dipole detection range expands and the S-wave velocity calculation accuracy improves.更多还原