【摘要】 目的:分析不同专项运动员最大摄氧量O_2max)、肺、血液、心脏和骨骼肌功能相关指标是否具有专项特征,探究不同区间O_2max的主要影响因素。方法:选取61名不同专项运动员为研究对象,共3组,分别为爆发力组:举重（WL）、混氧组:摔跤（WR）、耐力组:铁人三项（TA）,直接测试法测定O_2max;肺功能仪、CO吸入法、心脏彩超和近红外光谱仪等测定肺、血液、心脏和骨骼肌等相关指标。结果:1)不同专项运动员O_2max及其影响因素均具有显著专项差异,TA组O_2max显著高出WL、WR组35%和15%,其心肺、血液、骨骼肌功能相关指标也显著高于WL、WR组。2)不同专项O_2max的主要影响因素不同,在分层回归分析中发现不同O_2max区间,不同系统功能对其贡献率不一样,WL专项中tH b的贡献率△R²为0. 042; WR专项中肌氧相对有效下降值（Deff）和tH b的贡献率△R²分别为0. 051和0. 048; TA专项中Deff的△R²为0. 060。结论:不同专项训练使得运动员的O_2max、肺、血液、心脏、骨骼肌功能具有专项特征;不同范围内O_2max的主要影响因素不同,高耐力组主要是骨骼肌利用氧的能力,混氧组主要是血红蛋白总量和骨骼肌利用氧的能力,而爆发力组主要是血红蛋白总量。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective: The aim of the study was to determine whether the related indexes of O_2max,lung,blood,heart and skeletal muscle function of athletes with different events have specific characteristics,and to detect the main influencing factors of O_2max. Methods: Totally 61 athletes with different events [3 groups: weight lifting（ WL,explosive force）,wrestling（ WR,aerobic-anaerobic mixing）,triathlon（ TA,endurance） ]were recruited in this study; their O_2maxwas measured by direct testing,and the related indexes of lung,blood,heart and skeletal muscle were tested by pulmonary function instrument,CO inhalation method,color echocardiography and near infrared spectroscopy. Results: 1) O_2maxand its influencing factors of different event athletes have significant differences. O_2maxof TA group was significantly higher than that of WL and WR groups by 35% and 15%,and the related indexes of cardiopulmonary,blood and skeletal muscle function of TA group were also significantly higher than those of WL and WR groups. 2) The main influencing factors of O_2maxdifferent event athletes were different. In hierarchical regression analysis,it was found that the contribution rate of different system was different in different O_2maxintervals. The R² of t Hb in WL group was 0. 042; the R² of t Hb and Deffin WR were 0. 051 and 0. 048 respectively; and the R² of Deffwas 0. 060. Conclusions: Different sports events training makes theO_2max,lung,blood,heart and skeletal muscle function of athletes have special characteristics. The main influencing factors of different ranges O_2maxare different; in endurance group,the muscular oxygen utilization is the most important factor; in aerobic-anaerobic mixing group,t Hb and muscular oxygen utilization play a more important role in limiting of O_2max; and in anaerobic group,t Hb is the most important influencing factor.更多还原