【摘要】 设施蔬菜种植模式的经济效益高于露地蔬菜种植,农民积极性高涨。近年来我国设施蔬菜播种面积持续增加,但由于农民不科学的施肥和灌溉,造成农业生态环境严重破坏,农业面源污染问题凸显,土壤中过量氮素累积已经被视为污染物之一。其引起的土壤酸化、板结、盐渍化、连作障碍、土传病害等土壤生态环境问题,以及地下水和可食用蔬菜的硝酸盐含量超标问题已经影响到农业生产和人类的身体健康。我国的科学家对于不同作物轮作体系的土壤氮素淋溶问题进行了大量的研究,研究方法也在不断的改进和升级。土壤淋溶液收集装置对研究结果会有一定影响。不适宜的土壤淋溶液收集装置会对试验结果产生一定的偏倚,甚至造成试验数据的不准确。在研究时为避免试验装置和研究方法对研究结果的影响,应该选择合适的方法进行设施菜地的氮淋溶研究。该研究对已发表的氮淋溶相关文献进行总结,主要汇总适用于设施菜地种植体系的氮淋溶监测技术和研究方法,讨论了每种方法的优缺点和局限性,以期为设施菜地氮淋溶研究提供参考和指导。更多还原

【Abstract】 The economic benefits of greenhouse vegetables planting are higher than open fields vegetable planting.As a result,the farmers′enthusiasm for greenhouse vegetables planting was highly motivated.In recent years,the greenhouse vegetables planting area in China had continued to increase.However,due to unscientific field management measures,such as excessive fertilizer application rate and flood irrigation method by farmers.The agricultural ecological environment had been severely damaged,and agricultural non-point source pollution had become a prominent issue.Excessive nitrogen accumulation in soil of greenhouse vegetable has been considered as one of the pollutants.Soil ecoenvironmental problems caused by excessive fertilization and irrigation,such as soil acidification,soil hardness,secondary soil salinization,soil continuous cropping obstacles,soil-borne diseases,etc.,these soil problems had seriously affected agricultural production.Excessive levels of nitrate in ground water and edible vegetables had affected human health.Scientists in China had conducted extensive research on soil nitrogen leaching in different crop rotation systems.The research methods are also constantly improving and upgrading.The soil leaching solution collection device will have a certain degree of influence on the results of the study.The inappropriate soil leaching solution collection devices may create biases in the test results and may even result in inaccurate test data.During the nitrogen leaching study,in order to avoid the influence of the experimental device and the research method on the research results,an appropriate method should be selected for the nitrogen leaching of the greenhouse vegetable field.This study summarized the published literature on nitrogen leaching,and mainly summarized the techniques of nitrogen leaching solution collection device and research methods applied to the planting system of greenhouse vegetable cultivation.The advantages,disadvantages,and limitations of each method were discussed in order to provide reference and guidance for nitrogen leaching research in greenhouse vegetable fields.更多还原