【摘要】 近期有缆海底观测网发展迅猛,世界各国包括加拿大、美国、日本和欧洲国家都依据自己的科学目标,建立了相应的有缆海底观测网。文章针对不同国家有缆海底观测网系统的组成和建设分别做了概述和评论。从1978年开始到现在,日本成功建设了10条有缆海底地震观测网,从早期同轴电缆作为主干电缆,发展到使用光电缆连接水下设施。加拿大成功建成近岸尺度和区域尺度两条有缆海底观测网。美国2012年成功建成目前世界上最长的一条区域海底观测网(约900km)。欧洲国家也正在开展在10个海区建立有缆观测网。跟随国外的步伐,我国和我国台湾地区也建立了自己的海底观测站(东海小衢山)和有缆观测网(中国台湾妈祖)。文章依据世界上已经建立的有缆海底观测网,分析认为与全球有缆观测网布设有关的遥控水下机器人是关键技术,并探讨了海底观测网今后的发展和面临的挑战。更多还原

【Abstract】 Marine cabled seafloor observatories have been constructed and developed quickly recently in the world. Based on scientific requirements and objectives, many countries, including Canada, United States of America, Japan, and European countries, have built up cabled seafloor observatories, respectively. Infrastructures and progresses of different cabled seafloor observatories constructed by different countries were outlined and reviewed in this paper. Since 1978, 10 cabled seafloor observatories in Japan have been successfully built using coaxial cables at the beginning and using fiber-optical cables recently. One near-coast seafloor observatory and one regional-scale observatory were built in Canada. Two seafloor observatories were organized and managed by the Ocean Network Canada(ONC), and both are maintained by the University of Victoria. In 2012, the longest regional cabled seafloor observatory in the world(nearly 900 km long) was deployed in the USA. Cabled seafloor observatories in Europe have been planned to cover different ocean regions. In China, cabled seafloor observatories were built in Taiwan(MACHO) and in the East China Sea(Xiaoqushan). Based on these cabled seafloor observatories in the world, we proposed important technologies required by ocean networks, and suggested that remotely operated vehicles play key roles when cabled seafloor observatories are reconstructed. Finally, the development and challenge of cabled seafloor observatories are discussed, including some key notes and questions that should be considered by decision-makers when a new cabled seafloor observatory will be prepared and developed in China.更多还原