【摘要】 乡村游民系不安本分、无产无业、危害乡村社会者的总称。他们往往谋生不以其道,好逸恶劳,绝对有德行的缺陷,对社会有一定危害性。这一群体始终是地方政府治理的目标。除了基层政府,地方社会的习惯法、社区舆论以及乡村正统权威等乡土约制资源对游民的危害行为也发挥着抵制功能。20世纪40年代初,国共摩擦升级,国民党对抗日根据地实行全面经济封锁,中国共产党陷入空前财政危机。根据地政府展开生产自救,大力开荒。囿于劳动力的严重短缺,根据地政府自上而下地掀起了改造"二流子"运动。中国共产党评价体系中的"二流子"与乡村游民有所不同,"二流子"根据抗日政府的标准进行身份识别,注重"有无正当职业",乡村游民则是乡村民众的社区角色认定,侧重"乡村危害性"与"德行"的品评。相比其他政权实体,根据地政府以国家的角色通过运动模式对乡村脱序者进行"专项治理",其改造的规模、力度,效果,都有不俗的表现。改造"二流子"则通过对传统约制资源进行创造性地转化予以推进。社区权威角色、村庄舆论与道德评价机制、宗教仪式与象征符号等各种传统约制资源有机结合,交互运用,成为现代政党改造"二流子"的手段,较为成功地实现了对"二流子"的改造。更多还原

【Abstract】 Rural vagrant was used as a collective term to address social members who were likely to break social rules and traditions,had no real estate and fixed occupation,and may jeopardize the rural society.Due to their potential harmfulness on the development of the society,rural vagrants had long been taken as a principle renovation target by local governments.Customary law,community opinions and rural restrained resources supervised by rural orthodox authorities played a significant role in relieving the harmfulness of vagrants.Under the condition of tremendous financial pressure and lack of labour in 1940 s,a movement transforming"hoodlum" was initiated and mobilized thoroughly in Chinese Communist Resistance-Against-Japan bases.In the Chinese Communist evaluating system,"hoodlum"is different from rural vagrants.In dynamic collaboration with Chinese Communist,governments in Resistance-Against-Japan bases employed a variety of rural restrained resources and succeeded in creatively transforming"hoodlum".更多还原