【摘要】 平原矿区的煤矿地下开采改变地貌景观,同时加剧矿区土地的水土流失,降低土壤质量。而开采方式不同对地表土壤养分流失的影响程度同样存在较大差异。本文选择皖北五沟煤矿的充填和非充填开采两种开采方式的地面沉陷区,进行了土壤环境调查,监测了开采过程中土壤有机质、铵态氮、有效磷和速效钾等土壤养分的含量,分析其运移变化特征。结果表明,采矿区地表沉陷虽然时间不长,但土壤中的有机质和主要营养元素的含量流失发生显著变化;充填与非充填两种不同开采方式均引起地表土壤养分流失,降低土壤质量。但是充填开采所造成沉陷区内土壤养分的流失程度明显小于非充填开采区,且因氮、磷的流失量明显快于速效钾而使得土壤整体表现为缺氮少磷;土壤养分的迁移与富集与土壤类型密切相关。无论是有机质,还是其他营养元素由表层的耕作土层往深部迁移并在硬砂姜土层富集。这一现象同时说明了地表径流造成土壤养分水平方向的迁移流失的同时,向深部土壤层的迁移现象。更多还原

【Abstract】 Mining activity will cause the surface subsidence to different degrees. Especially in the plain area,mining activities not only change-the landscape,but also cause the soil erosion of the mining area land,and reduce the soil quality. In this article,a coal mine in northern Anhui Province local production area the slope zone of the surface subsidence basin was selected as the research area. The distribution and content of organic matter,ammonium nitrogen,effective phosphorus,potassium in the soil was monitored for one year,once every three months,and then the collected data was analyzed-The results show that the mining surface subsidence,despite the fact that the short monitoring time was not so long-and the basin subsidence range was not big,the content of organic matter and the main nutrition elements in the soil still suffered marked-and rapid erosion and the soil quality was decreased in both filling mining area and nonfilling mining area. However,the loss of soil nutrient in filling mining area was smaller than that in non-filling mining area and lack of phosphorus and nitrogen was quite obvious; moreover,the transferring and gathering of nutrition elements were closing related to thetypes of soil; the organic matter as well as other nutrient element would transfer from the surface soil to the deep soil and gather in the hard sand level,which indicates that the direct surface runoff was the cause for soil nutrients loss at the vertical dimension but meanwhile the cause for the transferring in to the deep soil更多还原