【摘要】 针对西安本地源谱缺乏的现状,总结统计了西安目前灰霾特征和主要成因,对西安市燃煤源进行了测定。研究发现,在煤烟尘PM_2.5中SO₄^2-的含量最高（25%）,其次为OC（12%）、NH₄⁺（7%）、Cl^-（5%）。对固定源燃煤与民用散烧煤,不同脱硫方式、脱硝方式和锅炉类型的固定源成分谱分析得出:1.SO₄^2-及Al、Si、Ca在固定源煤烟尘PM_2.5中含量大于民用燃煤,OC与之相反;2.炉内喷钙法PM_2.5中SO₄^2-明显高于其它脱硫法含量;双碱法PM_2.5中Na的含量显著高于其它脱硫工艺流程的含量;氧化镁法PM_2.5中Mg含量为各类脱硫工艺中最高;石灰石膏法颗粒物中Mg、Al、Si、Ca等元素含量均高于大多数工艺;3.不同的脱硝工艺中NO₃^-离子在各类成分谱中的含量极低;4.链条炉与层燃炉PM_2.5中OC、EC含量高于循环流化床炉、煤粉炉。更多还原

【Abstract】 Focused on the shortage of local source profiles in Xi’an,the characteristics and main causes sources of the current haze in Xi’an were summarized. The source profiles of coal combustion in Xi’an was measured. It was found that the content of SO₄^2-（ 25%） was the highest in PM_2.5,followed by OC（ 12%）,NH₄⁺（ 7%）,Cl^-（ 5%） and so on. According to the difference of stationary source and civilian fine coal source and different desulfurization,denitration and boiler type to analyze,the results show that: 1. SO₄^2-,Al,Si,and Ca in the fixed source stationary source coal dust PM_2.5in the content of more than fine coal combustion,OC,on the contrary,was significantly higher than that in the civil coal combustion source. 2. In the desulfurization technology of limestone injection into furnace SO₄^2- content in PM_2.5was significantly higher than other desulfurization method; for double alkali desulfurization the content of Na in PM_2.5was significantly higher than that of the other desulfurization process; for all kinds of desulfurization technology was the highest content of Mg in PM_2.5of Magnesium Oxide; Mg,Al,Si,Ca contents in lime gypsum process were higher than those of most other categories of technology. 3. The content of NO₃^- in different kinds of source profiles is very low. 4. The OC and EC of chain grate and grate-fired furnace is higher than circulating fluidized bed furnace and pulverized coal furnace.更多还原