【摘要】 目的研究重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)的自然病程演进中的临床特征、脏器功能障碍特点以及死亡相关因素规律。方法回顾性分析1999年1月至2007年6月期间笔者所在医院收治的302例SAP患者的临床资料,按照入院时以及入院后1、3、5、7、14及28 d共7个时间点分别记录其APACHEⅡ评分、各脏器功能状态和死亡相关因素并予以分析。结果 SAP自然病程中APACHEⅡ评分呈双峰型分布,即在发病后3~7 d左右和发病后2周左右出现评分高峰;全身炎性反应综合征(SIRS)、低氧血症、代谢性酸中毒、高血糖和腹腔室间隔综合征(ACS)是导致早期脏器衰竭的主要原因;肠麻痹持续时间大于5 d的患者脏器衰竭发生率及感染率明显升高。脏器衰竭最多受累的器官为呼吸、外周循环、肾和胃肠道。当患者出现持续48 h以上的脏器衰竭,其病死率明显升高。入院后24 h死亡4例(9.5%),死亡原因为严重休克和心脏骤停;24~72 h死亡6例(14.3%),为持续性休克伴急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)或急性肾功能衰竭;3~10 d死亡14例(33.3%),主要为ARDS、急性肾功能衰竭伴多器官功能不全综合征(MODS);10 d以后死亡18例(42.8%),主要为腹内感染、出血、胰瘘、胆瘘等导致的MODS。结论 SAP自然病程分为全身炎症反应期、全身感染期和恢复期。肠麻痹持续时间是影响SAP自然病程的重要因素。早期脏器衰竭患者最先出现的并发症为SIRS、代谢性酸中毒、高血糖和ACS。SIRS所致的MODS是SAP早期的死亡因素;胰腺及胰周组织感染所致的MODS、腹腔内出血和胰瘘和胆瘘是SAP后期的死亡因素。胃肠道功早期恢复能减少MODS的发生。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To observe the clinical characteristics, the characteristics of organ dysfunction and death related factors in the natural course of severe acute pancreatitis(SAP). Methods The data of 302 cases of SAP from January 1999 to June 2007 in our hospital were retrospective analyzed. The APACHE Ⅱ score, state of each organ, and death related factors were recorded and analyzed according to the admission and on 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, and 28 d after admission,a total of 7 time points. Results In natural course of SAP, the APACHE Ⅱ score took on a double-peak type distribution, the peaks appearing nearly about one week and two weeks after the onset of SAP. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome(SIRS), hypoxemia, metabolic acidosis, hyperglycemia, and abdominal compartment syndrome were the main causes of early organ failure. Incidence of organ failure and infection increased significantly for patients with intestinal paralysis lasting longer than five days. The most affected organ failure was followed by respiratory organs, peripheral circulation, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract. The mortality rate increased significantly for patients with organ failure more than 48 hours. Four cases of death(9.5%) caused by severe shock and cardiac arrest within 24 h after admission; 6 deaths(14.3%) led by persistent shock with ARDS or acute renal failure within 24-72 h; 14 cases of death(33.3%) arose from 3-10 d after onset, mainly for acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS), acute renal failure associated with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS); 18 cases(42.8%) of the death arose on 10 d after the onset, mainly for the MODS caused by intra-abdominal infections, bleeding, pancreatic fistula, and biliary fistula. Conclusions The natural course of SAP can be divided into three phases: systemic inflammation, systemic infection, and recovery. Duration of intestinal paralysis is an important factor affecting the natural history of SAP. Early complications in patients with organ failure appeared as SIRS, metabolic acidosis, hyperglycemia, and abdominal hypertension. MODS led by SIRS is the leading cause in early death of SAP; MODS caused by pancreas and peripancreatic tissue infections, abdominal bleeding, pancreatic fistula, and biliary fistula are the main death factor in the late phase. Early recovery of gastrointestinal function can reduce the incidence of MODS.更多还原