【摘要】 目的探讨脑血管病脑微出血相关危险因素分析及护理策略。方法选取2012年1月~2014年1月我院接收治疗的393例急性脑血管病患者,并选取146例同期非中枢神经系统疾病住院的患者为对照组。记录患者的基线资料,所有患者均行常规核磁共振T2梯度回波加权扫描,对不同类型脑血管病患者发生脑微出血的患病率进行分析,采用Logistic回归分析对患者脑微出血的危险因素进行分析,脑微出血患者给予相应护理。结果393例急性脑血管病患者中共206例脑微出血患者,不同疾病脑微出血的患病率不同,高血压病为47.20%,脑梗死为45.98%,糖尿病为44.00%,心房纤颤为50.00%,脑出血为84.00%,TIA为25.00%,脑白质病为63.24%,其中对照组为13.70%;除TIA组之外,其他各组与对照组相比差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。以脑微出血为因变量,以其他危险因素为自变量,脑白质病、高血压病、高胆固醇、无症状腔隙性脑梗死、脑出血和脑梗死均为脑微出血的危险因素,其中低密度脂蛋白为保护性因素。206例脑微出血患者经护理后,20例患者痊愈,129例患者好转,40例患者未愈,7例患者转院,10例患者死亡。住院时间为1~33 d,平均(15.3±2.3)d。结论脑梗死、脑出血、脑白质患者脑微出血的发生率较高,其中低密度脂蛋白为脑微出血的保护性因素,高血压病、无症状性腔隙性脑梗死、脑出血、脑梗死、高胆固醇、脑白质为脑微出血的危险因素。给予脑微出血患者科学合理的护理能够显著提高患者的康复率,可以在临床上进一步推广应用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To explore the related risk factors of cerebrovascular disease induced cerebral microbleeds and its nursing strategies. Methods A total of 393 patients with acute cerebrovascular disease who were admitted to our hospital from January 2012 to January 2014 were selected. 146 patients who were hospitalized due to non-central nervous system disease at the period of time were selected as control group. Baseline data of patients were recorded, and regular MRI T2-weighted imaging were given to all patients. Incidence rate of cerebral microbleeds for patients with different types of cerebrovascular diseases was analyzed. Results Among 393 patients with acute cerebrovascular disease, 206 patients were cerebral microbleeds. Incidence rate was different for different diseases. Incidence rate of hypertension was 47.20%, cerebral infarction was 45.98%, diabetes was 44.00%, atrial fibrillation was 50.00%, cerebral hemorrhage was 84.00%, TIA was 25.00%, and leukoencephalopathy was 63.24%. The incidence rate in the control group was 13.70%, except for TIA, the differences between the control group and other groups were statistically significant(P<0.05). Cerebral microbleeds were taken as dependent variables, and other risk factors were taken as independent variables. Leukoencephalopathy, hypertension, high cholesterol, asymptomatic lacuna cerebral infarction, cerebral bleeding and cerebral infarction were risk factors for cerebral microbleeds, in which low density lipoprotein was a protective factor. 206 patients with cerebral microbleeds were given nursing care. 20 patients recovered and discharged,129 patients got better, 40 patients were not recovered, 7 patients were transferred to other hospitals, and 10 patients died. The hospitalization time was 1 to 33 days, with an average of(15.3±2.3) days. Conclusion Incidence rate of cerebral microbleeds for patients with cerebral infarction, cerebral bleeding and leukoencephalopathy is relatively high, and low density lipoprotein is the protective factors for cerebral microbleeds. Hypertension, asymptomatic lacuna cerebral infarction, cerebral bleeding, cerebral infarction, high cholesterol and leukoencephalopathy are risk factors for cerebral microbleeds. Scientific and proper nursing care for patients with cerebral microbleeds is able to significantly improve patients’ recovery rate, which is worthy of further clinical promotion and application.更多还原