【摘要】 针对土力学中渗透力概念模糊、计算方法不统一的问题,从饱和土体的两相介质组成特性研究出发,全面阐释了饱和土体中与水相关的作用力概念,揭示了各种水作用力对土体骨架的面力作用本质。建立了渗流条件下土体、土骨架和孔隙水体的受力分析模型,推导了土中水流动形成的渗透力计算公式。从土体受力分析的弹塑性有限元和极限平衡分析方法两个角度,阐述了渗透力荷载效应的计算模式。分析结果表明:在有限元方法中采用有效应力原理进行土体受力分析可以正确反映渗透力荷载效应;条分法中的面力模型也可完全代表渗透力的荷载作用效应,但由于条分法中条间力假定的存在将导致渗透力荷载效应不能全面得到反映。边坡稳定性分析的水土合算总应力法在理论上是不完备的,而基于有效应力思想的水土分算法将条块边界上所有的水压力都作为条块受力分析的荷载,从而可以全面地反映渗透力的荷载效应,因此,在考虑渗透力作用方面是精确的。更多还原

【Abstract】 To better understand the concept and calculated method for acting force due to seepage,based on the research in composition characteristic of saturated soil,concepts related to acting force due to pore water are clarified generally.The essence of acting force of pore water on soil skeleton is also reveled.The mechanical models for soil mass,soil skeleton and pore water under seepage condition are developed,and the corresponding formulations for the calculating acting force due to seepage are deduced in different ways.The calculation methods of acting force in finite element method(FEM) and in the limit equilibrium method(LEM) are debated completely.It indicates that effective stress principle used in FEM can reflect the loading effect of acting force.The boundary force model in LEM can also represent the effect of acting force.However,for reason of hypothesis of side forces on slice in slice method,the effect of acting force can not be completely reflected.The total earth pressure method for the stability analysis of slope is not perfected on theory.The separate calculation method for water and earth pressure based on effective stress concept considers all the water pressure on slice boundaries as the loads acting on the slice,so it can completely represent all the effect of acting force更多还原