【摘要】 目的探讨两种护理模式("一对一"护理模式,即一名护士对应一台机器一名献血者;"一对多"护理模式,即一名护士对应多台机器多名献血者)对初次捐献机采血小板献血者不良心理及献血反应的影响,预防和降低机采血小板献血者采集过程中献血反应的发生,保证献血者身心健康和机采血小板质量。方法选择2012年1月-2014年3月期间接待的初次捐献机采血小板献血者722人,随机分为实验组(采用"一对一"护理模式)和对照组(采用"一对多"护理模式),两组献血者在献血小板的同时均给予常规护理,而实验组在此基础上给予全程"一对一"系统性护理干预措施,并对两组献血者的心理状态及献血反应等指标进行对比分析。结果与对照组相比,实验组心理状态发生忧虑、紧张、恐惧的比率明显减少,差别具有统计学意义(P<0.05),与此同时,实验组献血反应发生率明显降低,差别具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论采用"一对一"护理模式可明显改善初次捐献机采血小板献血者的心理状态,并有效减少献血反应发生率,对保证献血者身心健康及血液质量,促进机采血小板献血者的再次招募及无偿机采血小板工作的发展具有十分重要的意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objectives To research the effects of two nursing models(one-to-one nursing mode is when one nurse corresponds to one machine and one donor;one-to-multiple nursing mode is when one nurse corresponds to multiple machines and multiple donors) on first time platelet donors’ adverse psychological and blood donation reaction,to prevent and reduce the adverse reactions deriving from blood transfusion,to ensure the maintenance of physical and mental health of blood donors and the quality of apheresis platelets.Methods From January 2012 to March 2014,722 first time platelet donors were chosen and then randomly assigned to a experimental group adopting an one-to-one care mode and a control group adopting an one-to-multiple nursing mode.Routine nursing was applied to both groups of platelet donors.The one-to-one nursing intervention was applied to the experimental group.The blood donation reactions and the psychological states of these two blood donor groups were compared and analyzed.Results Compared with the control group,the probability of anxiety,tension and fear occurring in the experimental group was significantly reduced,and the difference was statistically significant(P <0.001).Meanwhile,the blood donation reactions of the experimental group were significantly lower,and the difference was also statistically significant(P < 0.05).Conclusion The psychological states of the first time platelet donors can be improved by the one-to-one nursing mode,which can also reduce the incidence of blood-donation reactions.Furthermore,this mode is of paramount importance to ensure the physical and psychological health and the blood quality of the blood donors and to promote the development of the platelet donor recruitment and retention and the work of platelet apheresis.更多还原